593 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
593 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: >-
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Writing and Editing Documentation
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# katex
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---
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# Pandoc Markdown
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Much documentation is in Pandoc markdown, because easier to write. But html
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is easier to read, and allows superior control of appearance
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To convert Pandoc markdown to its final html form, invoke `Pandoc` by the bash
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shell file `./mkdoc.sh`, which generates html.
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In the windows 10 environment, shell scripts used in this project need to be
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associated with [Git Bash](libraries/git_bash_undocumented.html) or run from within Git Bash.
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If the title in the markdown file is followed by `# katex`, as in
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the markdown form of this file, the shell script will tell Pandoc to display
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any formulae using katex in the html file.
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More precisely, if any of the first three lines in the yaml header specifying
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the title at the start of the markdown file are `# katex`, the `./mkdoc.sh`
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will tell Pandoc to use katex to display maths formula.
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This vast pile of notes is out of control, and writing code and maths in
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html leads to intolerable overheads.
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Hence markdown, the popular markdown conversion program
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being the open source Pandoc.
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Markdown converters are apt to throw a flood of incomprehensible html code
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into your final document, taking low level html control away from the writer.
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Pandoc, however, will allow you to take control. To integrate html and css
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with markdown using Pandoc is a bit like rolling marbles with your
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elbows through a cage. One has to work through and around the entry
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points that Pandoc gives you, while if you were writing in html you could
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just write what you damn well wanted directly, but having done the work,
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Pandoc can then ensure it is done for every document in the same style in
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the same way, and you can change the final form of every document in the
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same way all at once.
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Sphinx is very popular and widely used, and written in the far more
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accessible language python, but to access the power of html, css, and
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JavaScript one must write a Sphinx theme, and the creation of a Sphinx theme
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is less than well documented and appears to be subject to change.
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Visual Studio Code theoretically does automatic generation of the html
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equivalents of markdown files, but I never was able to get it working
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satisfactorily.
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Pandoc has a number of powerful extensions that allow integration of html and
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markdown, among them markdown native mode divs `:::`
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```markdown
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::: {style="…"}
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…
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:::
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```
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And native mode spans `[…]{style="…"}`
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Which extensions do not work correctly in Visual Studio Code.
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These can be used to put an anchor in text, but the easiest and most
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intelligible way to insert an anchor is as a header.
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Pandoc can do a good job of rendering math markdown without invoking
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katex, and in such cases, one should generate the html
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```bash
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fn=filename
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pandoc --toc --eol=lf --wrap=preserve --from markdown+ascii_identifiers --to html --metadata=lang:en --verbose --include-in-header=./pandoc_templates/header.pandoc --include-before-body=./pandoc_templates/before.pandoc --include-after-body=./pandoc_templates/after.Pandoc -o $fn.html $fn.md
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```
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Since markdown has no concept of a title, Pandoc expects to find the
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title in a yaml inline, which is most conveniently put at the top, which
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renders it somewhat legible as a title.
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Thus the markdown version of this document starts with:
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```markdown
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---
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title: >-
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Writing and Editing Documentation
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# katex
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---
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```
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# Converting html source to markdown source
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In bash
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```bash
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fn=foobar
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git mv $fn.html $fn.md && cp $fn.md $fn.html && pandoc -s --to markdown-smart --eol=lf --wrap=preserve --verbose -o $fn.md $fn.html
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```
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# Math expressions and katex
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Pandoc can render most maths markdown without needing katex, for example:
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$${e}^{i\pi}+1=0$$
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$$a=b+c$$
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$$f(x) = x^2$$
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$$\sin(\pi/6) = 0.5$$
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$$\int_a^b f(x) dx$$
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$$\int_a^b \tan(x) dx$$
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$$\int \sin(x) dx = \cos(x)$$
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$$\sum a_i$$
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$$\lfloor{(x+5)÷6}\rfloor = \lceil{(x÷6}\rceil$$
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$$\lfloor{(x+5)/6}\rfloor = \lceil{(x/6}\rceil$$
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Using Omicron, \bigcirc, not capital O for big \bigcirc. `\Omicron` will not always
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compile correctly, but `\ln` and `\log` is more likely to compile correctly than
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`ln` and `log`, which it tends to render as symbols multiplied, rather than one
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symbol.
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$$\ln(1+x)=x-\bigcirc(x^2)$$
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$$H(a|b|v)$$
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though it is subtly prettier with katex, and some maths expressions will
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break Pandoc unless one tells it to use katex.
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Some maths, Pandoc needs katex:
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$$\sin(\frac{\pi}{6}) = \frac12$$
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$$\displaystyle\frac{u(x)}{v(x)}$$
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Inline equation $\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^n i^2 = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}$ text after inline equation
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$$\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i} i^2 = \frac{i(i+1)(2i+1)}6$$
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The square root of 100 is $\sqrt{100}=10$.\
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The cubic root of 64 is $\sqrt[3]{64}=4$
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$$\bigg\lfloor\frac{x+5)}{6}\bigg\rfloor = \bigg\lceil{\frac{x}{6}}\bigg\rceil$$
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So for documents requiring some heavy maths display, we convert from markdown
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to html with, in the bash script `./mkdoc.sh`:
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```bash
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fn=filename
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pandoc --katex=./ --toc --eol=lf --wrap=preserve --from markdown --to html --metadata=lang:en --verbose --include-in-header=./pandoc_templates/header.pandoc --include-before-body=./pandoc_templates/before.pandoc --include-after-body=./pandoc_templates/after.pandoc -o $fn.html $fn.md
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```
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The `./` tells `pandoc` to expect to find the files
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```bash
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./katex.min.css
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./katex.min.js
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```
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That a file needs katex is flagged for `./mkdoc.sh` in the yaml header.
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A file that does not need katex has the header:
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```markdown
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---
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title: >-
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Document title
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---
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```
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But if it does need katex, it has the header
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```markdown
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---
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title: >-
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Document title
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# katex
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---
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```
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So that the bash script file `./mkdoc.sh` will tell `Pandoc` to find the katex scripts.
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For it offends me to put unnecessary fat in html files.
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## overly clever katex tricks
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$$k \approx \frac{m\,l\!n(2)}{n}%uses\, to increase spacing, uses \! to merge letters, uses % for comments $$
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$$k \approx\frac{m\>\ln(2)}{n}%uses\> for a marginally larger increase in spacing and uses \ln, the escape for the well known function ln $$
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$$ \exp\bigg(\frac{a+bt}{x}\bigg)=\huge e^{\bigg(\frac{a+bt}{x}\bigg)}%use the escape for well known functions, use text size sets$$
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$$k\text{, the number of hashes} \approx \frac{m\ln(2)}{n}% \text{} for render as text$$
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$$\def\mydef#1{\frac{#1}{1+#1}} \mydef{\mydef{\mydef{\mydef{y}}}}%katex macro $$
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# diagrams
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The best way to do diagrams is Inkscape and the Visual Studio Code
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scalable vector graphics extensions.
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I decided to place the data directly inline in markdown because interfacing
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scalable vector graphics files (`svg` files) to html can get complicated, and
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interfacing the resulting complicated html to markdown can get more
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complicated.
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Inkscape files are unreadable, and once they are cleaned up, Inkscape
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cannot read them. To (irreversibly) clean up an Inkscape file, minify it in
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Visual Studio Code to get rid of all confusing mystery cruft inserted by
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Inkscape, edit it back into markdown compatible form, and reinsert it in
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the markdown file.
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A sequence of straight lines is M point, L point, L point.
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Z and z draw a straight line back to the beginning, use in conjunction with
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`fill="#red"` , for example `fill="#FF0000"`. If the line is open, `fill="none"`
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Drawing smooth curves by typing in text is painful and slow, but so is
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drawing them in Inkscape. Inkscape is apt to do a series of C beziers with
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sharp corners between them, and when I try to fix the sharp corners, the
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bezier goes weird.
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What Inkscape should do is let you manipulate a sequence of control
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points, and draw an M C S S ..S bezier to the point halfway between the
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final even numbered control point and the preceding control point,
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creating an additional control point by mirroring if the user only provides
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an odd number of control points.
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What it does instead is complicated and mysterious.
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Construct a series of straight lines M point L point L point.
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To mark a point in the sequence h 2 h -4 h 2 v 2 v -4 v 2
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To convert a sequence of straight lines into a smooth curve, you encounter
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much grief matching the end of one bezier to the start of the next.\
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And if you do not match them, you get corners between beziers.
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* find the midpoint of each edge, or the midpoint of every second edge\
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When I say midpoint, somewhere along the line, close to where
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you want the turn to sharp, and far from where you want the turn to be gentle.
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* A smooth curve starts a midpoint of first edge then:\
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C first vertex, second vertex, next midpoint S second next vertex
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next midpoint S second next vertex, next midpoint ... S second next
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vertex next midpoint ...\
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When I say second next vertex, I mean you skip a vertex, and thus
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do not have to find the preceding midpoint. But the implied vertex
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is the mirror of the preceding vertex, which if your midpoint is off,
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is not where you expect it to be.\
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If it fails to go through the midpoint parallel to what you think the
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endpoints are, you need to tinker the control point to reduce the
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discrepancy, or else it is apt to be off at subsequent midpoints.
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* Or starts at midpoint of first edge then:\
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Q vertex midpoint T midpoint T midpoint ....\
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The Q T T T chain guaranteed to be smooth. This is a huge
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advantage, but each T curve has a mystery surprising control
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point. You cannot see where it is, and the only way to
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controllably adjust its position is to adjust the first Q point at
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the start of the chain.\
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If it is a nasty place, it is a bitch, you can get very sharp turns
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in your curve
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On the other hand, if you have a C or a Q bezier following a previous C
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or Q bezier, getting the join smooth is a bitch.
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To find the midpoint of a line segment, I use `M` approximate midpoint
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`v6 v-12 v6 h6 h-12 h6` to mark the location with a cross.
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To draw a long twisty curve, mark your intended path with a sequence of
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line segments, with your final line segment passing through your
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destination, because destination will be the midpoint of that line segment.
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Then do a M first point, C second point, third point, midpoint, then S
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even numbered vertex, midpoint following the even numbered vertex, starting
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with the fourth vertex and the midpoint to the fifth vertex. The midpoint of
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the final vertex will be your destination.
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Scalable vector graphics are dimensionless, and the `<svg>` tag's height,
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width, and ViewBox properties translate the dimensionless quantities into
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pixels. The graphics default to fixed aspect ratio, and anything outside
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the viewbox is not drawn. To adjust your image's position within the
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viewbox, you put everything into a single big group, and apply a translate
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to that group.
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You need to set an Inkscape tools properties from an existing element that
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you have manually edited as text, as a great deal of functionality is only
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available by editing vector graphics as text, and attempting to manipulate
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that functionality from Inkscape, though in theory possible, just creates
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an uncontrollable mess.
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Every so often, a tool's properties get set to something stupid for some
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stupid reason, and there is no fix available in the Inkscape UI, other than
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selecting a graphic element, double clicking on the tool, and telling it to
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take its defaults from the element selected. (which can be an entire group,
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or the entire high top level group, in which case it will pick up sane and
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appropriate properties from the first relevant item in the group.)
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The enormous advantage of scalable vector graphics is that it handles
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repetitious items in diagrams beautifully, because you can define an item
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by reference to another item, thus very large hierarchical structure can be
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defined by very small source code.
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You might decide to keep it around as soup, in an `svg` file that only
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Inkscape ever tries to read, but then you are going to have to edit it as text
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again. And I wound up embedding my vector graphics files in markdown
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rather than invoking them as separate graphics files because my last step
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was apt to be editing them as text. Which irreversibly made them
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uneditable by Inkscape
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It is convenient to construct and position all the graphical elements in
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Inkscape, then edit the resulting `svg` file in Visual Studio Code with the
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`svg` extension, watching the resulting graphic in the `svg` editor's preview
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pane, then use the `svg` extension's minify command to get rid of all the
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excess stuff generated by Inkscape, then edit the `svg` file to be compatible
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with Markdown, then edit it into the markdown file, then edit the
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markdown file in the Visual Studio Code markdown editor, watching the
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graphic in the markdown preview pane.
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<svg
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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
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width="29em" height="12em"
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viewBox="40 60 60 50"
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style="background-color:ivory">
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<g id="startblocks"
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font-family="'Times New Roman'" font-size="5"
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font-weight="400"
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stroke-width="2"
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style="text-decoration:underline; cursor:pointer;" >
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<line x1="22" y1="70" x2="28" y2="100" stroke="lightgrey"/>
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<rect style="fill:#FFFF00;"
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x="12" y="64" width="36" height="20">
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<animate attributeType="XML" attributeName="y"
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from="64" to="110"
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dur="5s" repeatCount="2" restart="always" />
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</rect>
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<text style="fill:blue;" x="14" y="74">
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<animate attributeType="XML" attributeName="y"
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from="74" to="120"
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dur="5s" repeatCount="2" restart="always" />
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start animation
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</text>
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</g>
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<rect x="60" y="64" width="20" height="20">
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<animate attributeType="XML" attributeName="y"
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from="64" to="120"
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dur="3s" repeatCount="5" restart="whenNotActive"/>
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<animate attributeType="XML" attributeName="x"
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from="60" to="0"
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dur="3s" repeatCount="5" restart="whenNotActive"/></rect>
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<g
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font-family="'Times New Roman'" font-size="5"
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font-weight="400"
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stroke-width="2">
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<path fill="none" stroke="#00f000"
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d="M14 101, c40 -20, 30 -56,
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54 -18, s60 15, 40 15"/>
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<ellipse cx="60" cy="85" rx="12" ry="5" style="fill:red" />
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<text x="60" y="82" text-anchor="middle" style="fill:#A050C0;" >
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A simple scalable vector graphic
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<tspan x="60" dy="8">
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directly embedded in markdown.
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</tspan>
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</text>
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</g>
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</svg>
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<script>
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document.getElementById("startblocks").addEventListener
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(
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"click", evt =>
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{
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document.querySelectorAll("animate").forEach
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(
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element =>
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{
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element.beginElement();
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}
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);
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}
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);
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</script>
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```svg
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<svg
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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
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width="29em" height="12em"
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viewBox="40 60 60 50"
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style="background-color:ivory">
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<g id="startblocks"
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font-family="'Times New Roman'" font-size="5"
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font-weight="400"
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stroke-width="2"
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style="text-decoration:underline; cursor:pointer;" >
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<line x1="22" y1="70" x2="28" y2="100" stroke="lightgrey"/>
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<rect style="fill:#FFFF00;"
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x="12" y="64" width="36" height="20">
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<animate attributeType="XML" attributeName="y"
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from="64" to="120"
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dur="5s" repeatCount="2" restart="always" />
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</rect>
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<text style="fill:blue;" x="14" y="74">
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<animate attributeType="XML" attributeName="y"
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from="74" to="130"
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dur="5s" repeatCount="2" restart="always" />
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start animation
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</text>
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</g>
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<rect x="60" y="64" width="20" height="20">
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<animate attributeType="XML" attributeName="y"
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from="64" to="120"
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dur="5s" repeatCount="3" restart="whenNotActive"/>
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</rect>
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<g
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font-family="'Times New Roman'" font-size="5"
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font-weight="400"
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stroke-width="2">
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<path fill="none" stroke="#00f000"
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d="M14.629 101.381c25.856-20.072 50.69-56.814
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54.433-18.37 3.742 38.443 40.484 15.309 40.484 15.309"/>
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<ellipse cx="60" cy="85" rx="12" ry="5" style="fill:red" />
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<text x="60" y="82" text-anchor="middle" style="fill:#A050C0;" >
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A simple scalable vector graphic
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<tspan x="60" dy="8">
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directly embedded in markdown.
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</tspan>
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</text>
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</g>
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</svg>
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```
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```script
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<script>
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document.getElementById("startblocks").addEventListener
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(
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"click", evt =>
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{
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document.querySelectorAll("animate").forEach
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(
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element =>
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{
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element.beginElement();
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}
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);
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}
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);
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</script>
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# tables
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<table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="95%">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #99CC66;
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text-align:center;">May Scale of monetary hardness </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;"><b> Hardness</b> </td>
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<td> <br/>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2" style=" text-align:center;">Hard</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="center"><b>1</b></td>
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<td>Street cash, US dollars</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="center"><b>2</b></td>
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<td>Street cash, euro currencies, japan</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="center"><b>3</b></td>
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<td>Major crypto currencies, such as Bitcoin and Monaro</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="center"><b>4</b></td>
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<td>Street cash, other regions</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="center"><b>5</b></td>
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<td>Interbank transfers of various sorts (wires etc),
|
|
bank checks</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="center"><b>6</b></td>
|
|
<td>personal checks</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="center"><b>7</b>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>Consumer-level electronic account transfers (eg
|
|
bPay)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="center"><b>8</b></td>
|
|
<td>Business-account-level retail transfer systems</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="2" style=" text-align:center;">Soft</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="center"><b>9</b></td>
|
|
<td>Paypal and similar 'new money' entities, beenz</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="center"><b>10</b></td>
|
|
<td>Credit cards</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
# Tables
|
|
|
|
## Pipe table with header and alignment control
|
|
|
|
Without counting spaces, but without multiline
|
|
|
|
Pipe table:
|
|
|
|
| Right | Left | Default | Center |
|
|
|------:|:-----|---------|:----------------------:|
|
|
| 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
|
|
| 123 | 123 | 123 | the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog |
|
|
| 1 | 1 | Carrian Corporation | 1 |
|
|
|
|
## And, with less mucking about, alignments
|
|
|
|
with alignment, without counting spaces, but without multiline
|
|
|
|
fruit| price
|
|
:-----|-----:
|
|
apple|2.05
|
|
pear|1.37
|
|
orange|3.09
|
|
|
|
## multiline without bothering with pipes
|
|
|
|
Counting spaces to align. Only editable in fixed font
|
|
|
|
This allows multiline, but visual studio code does not like it. Visual Studio Code only supports tables that can be intelligibly laid out in visual studio code.
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Centered Default Right Left
|
|
Header Aligned Aligned Aligned
|
|
----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
|
|
First row 12.0 Example of a row that
|
|
spans multiple lines.
|
|
|
|
Second row 5.0 Here's another one. Note
|
|
the blank line between
|
|
rows.
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
## The header may be omitted in multiline tables as well as simple tables
|
|
|
|
Notice the alignment is controlled by the first item in a column
|
|
|
|
In this table, edited in a fixed font, you are using whitespace and blank lines to lay out the table. It is unintellible in a variable width font.
|
|
|
|
----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
|
|
First row 12.0 Example of a row that
|
|
spans multiple lines.
|
|
|
|
Second row 5.0 Here's another one. Note
|
|
the blank line between
|
|
rows.
|
|
----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
|
|
|
|
## Grid tables
|
|
|
|
Allows multiline, and alignment, but visual studio does not like it, and you still have to count those spacees
|
|
|
|
+---------------+---------------+--------------------+
|
|
| Fruit | Price | Advantages |
|
|
+===============+==============:+====================+
|
|
| Bananas | $1.34 | - built-in wrapper |
|
|
| | | - bright color |
|
|
+---------------+---------------+--------------------+
|
|
| Oranges | $2.10 | - cures scurvy |
|
|
| | | - tasty |
|
|
+---------------+---------------+--------------------+
|
|
| Durian | $22.10 | - king of fruits |
|
|
+---------------+---------------+--------------------+
|
|
|
|
Alignments can be specified as with pipe tables, by putting colons at the boundaries of the separator line after the header.
|
|
|
|
+------------+---------+---------------------+
|
|
| Left | Right | Centered |
|
|
+:===========+========:+:===================:+
|
|
| Bananas | $1.34 | - built-in wrapper |
|
|
| | | - bright color |
|
|
+------------+---------+---------------------+
|
|
| Durian | $22.10 | - king of fruits |
|
|
+------------+---------+---------------------+
|
|
|
|
## For headerless tables, the colons go on the top line instead:
|
|
|
|
+--------------:+:--------------+:------------------:+
|
|
| Right | Left | Centered |
|
|
+---------------+---------------+--------------------+
|