270 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
270 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
[](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/actions/workflows/linux.yml)
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[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/libexpat/libexpat)
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[](https://repology.org/metapackage/expat/versions)
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[](https://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/files/)
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[](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/releases)
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# Expat, Release 2.4.7
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This is Expat, a C library for parsing XML, started by
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[James Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clark_%28programmer%29) in 1997.
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Expat is a stream-oriented XML parser. This means that you register
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handlers with the parser before starting the parse. These handlers
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are called when the parser discovers the associated structures in the
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document being parsed. A start tag is an example of the kind of
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structures for which you may register handlers.
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Expat supports the following compilers:
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- GNU GCC >=4.5
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- LLVM Clang >=3.5
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- Microsoft Visual Studio >=15.0/2017 (rolling `${today} minus 5 years`)
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Windows users can use the
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[`expat-win32bin-*.*.*.{exe,zip}` download](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/releases),
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which includes both pre-compiled libraries and executables, and source code for
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developers.
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Expat is [free software](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html).
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You may copy, distribute, and modify it under the terms of the License
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contained in the file
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[`COPYING`](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/blob/master/expat/COPYING)
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distributed with this package.
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This license is the same as the MIT/X Consortium license.
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## Using libexpat in your CMake-Based Project
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There are two ways of using libexpat with CMake:
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### a) Module Mode
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This approach leverages CMake's own [module `FindEXPAT`](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/FindEXPAT.html).
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Notice the *uppercase* `EXPAT` in the following example:
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```cmake
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0) # or 3.10, see below
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project(hello VERSION 1.0.0)
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find_package(EXPAT 2.2.8 MODULE REQUIRED)
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add_executable(hello
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hello.c
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)
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# a) for CMake >=3.10 (see CMake's FindEXPAT docs)
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target_link_libraries(hello PUBLIC EXPAT::EXPAT)
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# b) for CMake >=3.0
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target_include_directories(hello PRIVATE ${EXPAT_INCLUDE_DIRS})
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target_link_libraries(hello PUBLIC ${EXPAT_LIBRARIES})
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```
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### b) Config Mode
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This approach requires files from…
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- libexpat >=2.2.8 where packaging uses the CMake build system
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or
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- libexpat >=2.3.0 where packaging uses the GNU Autotools build system
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on Linux
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or
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- libexpat >=2.4.0 where packaging uses the GNU Autotools build system
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on macOS or MinGW.
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Notice the *lowercase* `expat` in the following example:
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```cmake
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
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project(hello VERSION 1.0.0)
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find_package(expat 2.2.8 CONFIG REQUIRED char dtd ns)
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add_executable(hello
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hello.c
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)
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target_link_libraries(hello PUBLIC expat::expat)
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```
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## Building from a Git Clone
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If you are building Expat from a check-out from the
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[Git repository](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/),
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you need to run a script that generates the configure script using the
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GNU autoconf and libtool tools. To do this, you need to have
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autoconf 2.58 or newer. Run the script like this:
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```console
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./buildconf.sh
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```
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Once this has been done, follow the same instructions as for building
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from a source distribution.
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## Building from a Source Distribution
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### a) Building with the configure script (i.e. GNU Autotools)
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To build Expat from a source distribution, you first run the
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configuration shell script in the top level distribution directory:
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```console
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./configure
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```
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There are many options which you may provide to configure (which you
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can discover by running configure with the `--help` option). But the
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one of most interest is the one that sets the installation directory.
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By default, the configure script will set things up to install
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libexpat into `/usr/local/lib`, `expat.h` into `/usr/local/include`, and
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`xmlwf` into `/usr/local/bin`. If, for example, you'd prefer to install
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into `/home/me/mystuff/lib`, `/home/me/mystuff/include`, and
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`/home/me/mystuff/bin`, you can tell `configure` about that with:
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```console
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./configure --prefix=/home/me/mystuff
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```
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Another interesting option is to enable 64-bit integer support for
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line and column numbers and the over-all byte index:
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```console
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./configure CPPFLAGS=-DXML_LARGE_SIZE
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```
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However, such a modification would be a breaking change to the ABI
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and is therefore not recommended for general use — e.g. as part of
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a Linux distribution — but rather for builds with special requirements.
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After running the configure script, the `make` command will build
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things and `make install` will install things into their proper
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location. Have a look at the `Makefile` to learn about additional
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`make` options. Note that you need to have write permission into
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the directories into which things will be installed.
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If you are interested in building Expat to provide document
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information in UTF-16 encoding rather than the default UTF-8, follow
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these instructions (after having run `make distclean`).
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Please note that we configure with `--without-xmlwf` as xmlwf does not
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support this mode of compilation (yet):
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1. Mass-patch `Makefile.am` files to use `libexpatw.la` for a library name:
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<br/>
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`find -name Makefile.am -exec sed
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-e 's,libexpat\.la,libexpatw.la,'
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-e 's,libexpat_la,libexpatw_la,'
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-i {} +`
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1. Run `automake` to re-write `Makefile.in` files:<br/>
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`automake`
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1. For UTF-16 output as unsigned short (and version/error strings as char),
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run:<br/>
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`./configure CPPFLAGS=-DXML_UNICODE --without-xmlwf`<br/>
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For UTF-16 output as `wchar_t` (incl. version/error strings), run:<br/>
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`./configure CFLAGS="-g -O2 -fshort-wchar" CPPFLAGS=-DXML_UNICODE_WCHAR_T
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--without-xmlwf`
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<br/>Note: The latter requires libc compiled with `-fshort-wchar`, as well.
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1. Run `make` (which excludes xmlwf).
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1. Run `make install` (again, excludes xmlwf).
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Using `DESTDIR` is supported. It works as follows:
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```console
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make install DESTDIR=/path/to/image
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```
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overrides the in-makefile set `DESTDIR`, because variable-setting priority is
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1. commandline
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1. in-makefile
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1. environment
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Note: This only applies to the Expat library itself, building UTF-16 versions
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of xmlwf and the tests is currently not supported.
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When using Expat with a project using autoconf for configuration, you
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can use the probing macro in `conftools/expat.m4` to determine how to
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include Expat. See the comments at the top of that file for more
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information.
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A reference manual is available in the file `doc/reference.html` in this
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distribution.
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### b) Building with CMake
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The CMake build system is still *experimental* and may replace the primary
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build system based on GNU Autotools at some point when it is ready.
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#### Available Options
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For an idea of the available (non-advanced) options for building with CMake:
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```console
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# rm -f CMakeCache.txt ; cmake -D_EXPAT_HELP=ON -LH . | grep -B1 ':.*=' | sed 's,^--$,,'
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// Choose the type of build, options are: None Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel ...
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CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=
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// Install path prefix, prepended onto install directories.
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CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local
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// Path to a program.
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DOCBOOK_TO_MAN:FILEPATH=/usr/bin/docbook2x-man
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// build man page for xmlwf
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EXPAT_BUILD_DOCS:BOOL=ON
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// build the examples for expat library
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EXPAT_BUILD_EXAMPLES:BOOL=ON
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// build fuzzers for the expat library
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EXPAT_BUILD_FUZZERS:BOOL=OFF
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// build pkg-config file
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EXPAT_BUILD_PKGCONFIG:BOOL=ON
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// build the tests for expat library
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EXPAT_BUILD_TESTS:BOOL=ON
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// build the xmlwf tool for expat library
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EXPAT_BUILD_TOOLS:BOOL=ON
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// Character type to use (char|ushort|wchar_t) [default=char]
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EXPAT_CHAR_TYPE:STRING=char
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// install expat files in cmake install target
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EXPAT_ENABLE_INSTALL:BOOL=ON
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// Use /MT flag (static CRT) when compiling in MSVC
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EXPAT_MSVC_STATIC_CRT:BOOL=OFF
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// build fuzzers via ossfuzz for the expat library
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EXPAT_OSSFUZZ_BUILD:BOOL=OFF
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// build a shared expat library
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EXPAT_SHARED_LIBS:BOOL=ON
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// Treat all compiler warnings as errors
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EXPAT_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS:BOOL=OFF
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// Make use of getrandom function (ON|OFF|AUTO) [default=AUTO]
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EXPAT_WITH_GETRANDOM:STRING=AUTO
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// utilize libbsd (for arc4random_buf)
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EXPAT_WITH_LIBBSD:BOOL=OFF
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// Make use of syscall SYS_getrandom (ON|OFF|AUTO) [default=AUTO]
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EXPAT_WITH_SYS_GETRANDOM:STRING=AUTO
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```
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