3f66f6a5b3
This keyword is not expanded by Git which means it's not replaced with the correct revision value in the releases made using git-based scripts and it's confusing to have lines with unexpanded "$Id$" in the released files. As expanding them with Git is not that simple (it could be done with git archive and export-subst attribute) and there are not many benefits in having them in the first place, just remove all these lines. If nothing else, this will make an eventual transition to Git simpler. Closes #14487. git-svn-id: https://svn.wxwidgets.org/svn/wx/wxWidgets/trunk@74602 c3d73ce0-8a6f-49c7-b76d-6d57e0e08775
652 lines
30 KiB
C
652 lines
30 KiB
C
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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// Name: resyntax.h
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// Purpose: topic overview
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// Author: wxWidgets team
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// Licence: wxWindows licence
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/**
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@page overview_resyntax Regular Expressions
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@tableofcontents
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A <em>regular expression</em> describes strings of characters. It's a pattern
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that matches certain strings and doesn't match others.
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@see wxRegEx
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@section overview_resyntax_differentflavors Different Flavors of Regular Expressions
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Regular expressions (RE), as defined by POSIX, come in two flavors:
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<em>extended regular expressions</em> (ERE) and <em>basic regular
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expressions</em> (BRE). EREs are roughly those of the traditional @e egrep,
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while BREs are roughly those of the traditional @e ed. This implementation
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adds a third flavor: <em>advanced regular expressions</em> (ARE), basically
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EREs with some significant extensions.
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This manual page primarily describes AREs. BREs mostly exist for backward
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compatibility in some old programs. POSIX EREs are almost an exact subset of
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AREs. Features of AREs that are not present in EREs will be indicated.
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@section overview_resyntax_syntax Regular Expression Syntax
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These regular expressions are implemented using the package written by Henry
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Spencer, based on the 1003.2 spec and some (not quite all) of the Perl5
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extensions (thanks, Henry!). Much of the description of regular expressions
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below is copied verbatim from his manual entry.
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An ARE is one or more @e branches, separated by "|", matching anything that
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matches any of the branches.
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A branch is zero or more @e constraints or @e quantified atoms, concatenated.
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It matches a match for the first, followed by a match for the second, etc; an
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empty branch matches the empty string.
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A quantified atom is an @e atom possibly followed by a single @e quantifier.
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Without a quantifier, it matches a match for the atom. The quantifiers, and
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what a so-quantified atom matches, are:
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@beginTable
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@row2col{ <tt>*</tt> ,
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A sequence of 0 or more matches of the atom. }
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@row2col{ <tt>+</tt> ,
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A sequence of 1 or more matches of the atom. }
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@row2col{ <tt>?</tt> ,
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A sequence of 0 or 1 matches of the atom. }
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@row2col{ <tt>{m}</tt> ,
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A sequence of exactly @e m matches of the atom. }
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@row2col{ <tt>{m\,}</tt> ,
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A sequence of @e m or more matches of the atom. }
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@row2col{ <tt>{m\,n}</tt> ,
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A sequence of @e m through @e n (inclusive) matches of the atom; @e m may
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not exceed @e n. }
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@row2col{ <tt>*? +? ?? {m}? {m\,}? {m\,n}?</tt> ,
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@e Non-greedy quantifiers, which match the same possibilities, but prefer
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the smallest number rather than the largest number of matches (see
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@ref overview_resyntax_matching). }
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@endTable
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The forms using @b { and @b } are known as @e bounds. The numbers @e m and
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@e n are unsigned decimal integers with permissible values from 0 to 255
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inclusive. An atom is one of:
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@beginTable
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@row2col{ <tt>(re)</tt> ,
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Where @e re is any regular expression, matches for @e re, with the match
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captured for possible reporting. }
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@row2col{ <tt>(?:re)</tt> ,
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As previous, but does no reporting (a "non-capturing" set of
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parentheses). }
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@row2col{ <tt>()</tt> ,
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Matches an empty string, captured for possible reporting. }
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@row2col{ <tt>(?:)</tt> ,
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Matches an empty string, without reporting. }
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@row2col{ <tt>[chars]</tt> ,
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A <em>bracket expression</em>, matching any one of the @e chars (see
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@ref overview_resyntax_bracket for more details). }
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@row2col{ <tt>.</tt> ,
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Matches any single character. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\k</tt> ,
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Where @e k is a non-alphanumeric character, matches that character taken
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as an ordinary character, e.g. @\@\ matches a backslash character. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\c</tt> ,
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Where @e c is alphanumeric (possibly followed by other characters), an
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@e escape (AREs only), see @ref overview_resyntax_escapes below. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@leftCurly</tt> ,
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When followed by a character other than a digit, matches the left-brace
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character "@leftCurly"; when followed by a digit, it is the beginning of a
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@e bound (see above). }
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@row2col{ <tt>x</tt> ,
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Where @e x is a single character with no other significance, matches that
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character. }
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@endTable
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A @e constraint matches an empty string when specific conditions are met. A
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constraint may not be followed by a quantifier. The simple constraints are as
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follows; some more constraints are described later, under
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@ref overview_resyntax_escapes.
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@beginTable
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@row2col{ <tt>^</tt> ,
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Matches at the beginning of a line. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@$</tt> ,
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Matches at the end of a line. }
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@row2col{ <tt>(?=re)</tt> ,
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@e Positive lookahead (AREs only), matches at any point where a substring
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matching @e re begins. }
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@row2col{ <tt>(?!re)</tt> ,
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@e Negative lookahead (AREs only), matches at any point where no substring
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matching @e re begins. }
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@endTable
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The lookahead constraints may not contain back references (see later), and all
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parentheses within them are considered non-capturing. A RE may not end with
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"\".
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@section overview_resyntax_bracket Bracket Expressions
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A <em>bracket expression</em> is a list of characters enclosed in <tt>[]</tt>.
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It normally matches any single character from the list (but see below). If the
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list begins with @c ^, it matches any single character (but see below) @e not
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from the rest of the list.
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If two characters in the list are separated by <tt>-</tt>, this is shorthand
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for the full @e range of characters between those two (inclusive) in the
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collating sequence, e.g. <tt>[0-9]</tt> in ASCII matches any decimal digit.
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Two ranges may not share an endpoint, so e.g. <tt>a-c-e</tt> is illegal.
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Ranges are very collating-sequence-dependent, and portable programs should
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avoid relying on them.
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To include a literal <tt>]</tt> or <tt>-</tt> in the list, the simplest method
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is to enclose it in <tt>[.</tt> and <tt>.]</tt> to make it a collating element
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(see below). Alternatively, make it the first character (following a possible
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<tt>^</tt>), or (AREs only) precede it with <tt>@\</tt>. Alternatively, for
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<tt>-</tt>, make it the last character, or the second endpoint of a range. To
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use a literal <tt>-</tt> as the first endpoint of a range, make it a collating
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element or (AREs only) precede it with <tt>@\</tt>. With the exception of
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these, some combinations using <tt>[</tt> (see next paragraphs), and escapes,
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all other special characters lose their special significance within a bracket
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expression.
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Within a bracket expression, a collating element (a character, a
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multi-character sequence that collates as if it were a single character, or a
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collating-sequence name for either) enclosed in <tt>[.</tt> and <tt>.]</tt>
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stands for the sequence of characters of that collating element.
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@e wxWidgets: Currently no multi-character collating elements are defined. So
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in <tt>[.X.]</tt>, @c X can either be a single character literal or the name
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of a character. For example, the following are both identical:
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<tt>[[.0.]-[.9.]]</tt> and <tt>[[.zero.]-[.nine.]]</tt> and mean the same as
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<tt>[0-9]</tt>. See @ref overview_resyntax_characters.
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Within a bracket expression, a collating element enclosed in <tt>[=</tt> and
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<tt>=]</tt> is an equivalence class, standing for the sequences of characters
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of all collating elements equivalent to that one, including itself. An
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equivalence class may not be an endpoint of a range.
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@e wxWidgets: Currently no equivalence classes are defined, so <tt>[=X=]</tt>
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stands for just the single character @c X. @c X can either be a single
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character literal or the name of a character, see
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@ref overview_resyntax_characters.
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Within a bracket expression, the name of a @e character class enclosed in
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<tt>[:</tt> and <tt>:]</tt> stands for the list of all characters (not all
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collating elements!) belonging to that class. Standard character classes are:
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@beginTable
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@row2col{ <tt>alpha</tt> , A letter. }
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@row2col{ <tt>upper</tt> , An upper-case letter. }
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@row2col{ <tt>lower</tt> , A lower-case letter. }
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@row2col{ <tt>digit</tt> , A decimal digit. }
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@row2col{ <tt>xdigit</tt> , A hexadecimal digit. }
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@row2col{ <tt>alnum</tt> , An alphanumeric (letter or digit). }
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@row2col{ <tt>print</tt> , An alphanumeric (same as alnum). }
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@row2col{ <tt>blank</tt> , A space or tab character. }
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@row2col{ <tt>space</tt> , A character producing white space in displayed text. }
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@row2col{ <tt>punct</tt> , A punctuation character. }
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@row2col{ <tt>graph</tt> , A character with a visible representation. }
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@row2col{ <tt>cntrl</tt> , A control character. }
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@endTable
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A character class may not be used as an endpoint of a range.
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@e wxWidgets: In a non-Unicode build, these character classifications depend on
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the current locale, and correspond to the values return by the ANSI C "is"
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functions: <tt>isalpha</tt>, <tt>isupper</tt>, etc. In Unicode mode they are
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based on Unicode classifications, and are not affected by the current locale.
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There are two special cases of bracket expressions: the bracket expressions
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<tt>[[:@<:]]</tt> and <tt>[[:@>:]]</tt> are constraints, matching empty strings at
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the beginning and end of a word respectively. A word is defined as a sequence
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of word characters that is neither preceded nor followed by word characters. A
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word character is an @e alnum character or an underscore (_). These special
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bracket expressions are deprecated; users of AREs should use constraint escapes
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instead (see escapes below).
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@section overview_resyntax_escapes Escapes
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Escapes (AREs only), which begin with a <tt>@\</tt> followed by an alphanumeric
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character, come in several varieties: character entry, class shorthands,
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constraint escapes, and back references. A <tt>@\</tt> followed by an
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alphanumeric character but not constituting a valid escape is illegal in AREs.
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In EREs, there are no escapes: outside a bracket expression, a <tt>@\</tt>
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followed by an alphanumeric character merely stands for that character as an
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ordinary character, and inside a bracket expression, <tt>@\</tt> is an ordinary
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character. (The latter is the one actual incompatibility between EREs and
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AREs.)
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Character-entry escapes (AREs only) exist to make it easier to specify
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non-printing and otherwise inconvenient characters in REs:
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@beginTable
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@row2col{ <tt>@\a</tt> , Alert (bell) character, as in C. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\b</tt> , Backspace, as in C. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\B</tt> ,
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Synonym for <tt>@\</tt> to help reduce backslash doubling in some
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applications where there are multiple levels of backslash processing. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\cX</tt> ,
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The character whose low-order 5 bits are the same as those of @e X, and
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whose other bits are all zero, where @e X is any character. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\e</tt> ,
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The character whose collating-sequence name is @c ESC, or failing that,
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the character with octal value 033. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\f</tt> , Formfeed, as in C. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\n</tt> , Newline, as in C. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\r</tt> , Carriage return, as in C. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\t</tt> , Horizontal tab, as in C. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\uwxyz</tt> ,
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The Unicode character <tt>U+wxyz</tt> in the local byte ordering, where
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@e wxyz is exactly four hexadecimal digits. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\Ustuvwxyz</tt> ,
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Reserved for a somewhat-hypothetical Unicode extension to 32 bits, where
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@e stuvwxyz is exactly eight hexadecimal digits. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\v</tt> , Vertical tab, as in C are all available. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\xhhh</tt> ,
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The single character whose hexadecimal value is @e 0xhhh, where @e hhh is
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any sequence of hexadecimal digits. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\0</tt> , The character whose value is 0. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\xy</tt> ,
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The character whose octal value is @e 0xy, where @e xy is exactly two octal
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digits, and is not a <em>back reference</em> (see below). }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\xyz</tt> ,
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The character whose octal value is @e 0xyz, where @e xyz is exactly three
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octal digits, and is not a <em>back reference</em> (see below). }
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@endTable
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Hexadecimal digits are 0-9, a-f, and A-F. Octal digits are 0-7.
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The character-entry escapes are always taken as ordinary characters. For
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example, <tt>@\135</tt> is <tt>]</tt> in ASCII, but <tt>@\135</tt> does not
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terminate a bracket expression. Beware, however, that some applications (e.g.,
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C compilers) interpret such sequences themselves before the regular-expression
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package gets to see them, which may require doubling (quadrupling, etc.) the
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'<tt>@\</tt>'.
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Class-shorthand escapes (AREs only) provide shorthands for certain
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commonly-used character classes:
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@beginTable
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@row2col{ <tt>@\d</tt> , <tt>[[:digit:]]</tt> }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\s</tt> , <tt>[[:space:]]</tt> }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\w</tt> , <tt>[[:alnum:]_]</tt> (note underscore) }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\D</tt> , <tt>[^[:digit:]]</tt> }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\S</tt> , <tt>[^[:space:]]</tt> }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\W</tt> , <tt>[^[:alnum:]_]</tt> (note underscore) }
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@endTable
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Within bracket expressions, <tt>@\d</tt>, <tt>@\s</tt>, and <tt>@\w</tt> lose
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their outer brackets, and <tt>@\D</tt>, <tt>@\S</tt>, <tt>@\W</tt> are illegal.
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So, for example, <tt>[a-c@\d]</tt> is equivalent to <tt>[a-c[:digit:]]</tt>.
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Also, <tt>[a-c@\D]</tt>, which is equivalent to <tt>[a-c^[:digit:]]</tt>, is
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illegal.
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A constraint escape (AREs only) is a constraint, matching the empty string if
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specific conditions are met, written as an escape:
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@beginTable
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@row2col{ <tt>@\A</tt> , Matches only at the beginning of the string, see
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@ref overview_resyntax_matching for how this differs
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from <tt>^</tt>. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\m</tt> , Matches only at the beginning of a word. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\M</tt> , Matches only at the end of a word. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\y</tt> , Matches only at the beginning or end of a word. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\Y</tt> , Matches only at a point that is not the beginning or
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end of a word. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\Z</tt> , Matches only at the end of the string, see
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@ref overview_resyntax_matching for how this differs
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from <tt>@$</tt>. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\m</tt> , A <em>back reference</em>, where @e m is a non-zero
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digit. See below. }
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@row2col{ <tt>@\mnn</tt> ,
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A <em>back reference</em>, where @e m is a nonzero digit, and @e nn is some
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more digits, and the decimal value @e mnn is not greater than the number of
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closing capturing parentheses seen so far. See below. }
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@endTable
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A word is defined as in the specification of <tt>[[:@<:]]</tt> and
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<tt>[[:@>:]]</tt> above. Constraint escapes are illegal within bracket
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expressions.
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A back reference (AREs only) matches the same string matched by the
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parenthesized subexpression specified by the number. For example, "([bc])\1"
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matches "bb" or "cc" but not "bc". The subexpression must entirely precede the
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back reference in the RE.Subexpressions are numbered in the order of their
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leading parentheses. Non-capturing parentheses do not define subexpressions.
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There is an inherent historical ambiguity between octal character-entry escapes
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and back references, which is resolved by heuristics, as hinted at above. A
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leading zero always indicates an octal escape. A single non-zero digit, not
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followed by another digit, is always taken as a back reference. A multi-digit
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sequence not starting with a zero is taken as a back reference if it comes
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after a suitable subexpression (i.e. the number is in the legal range for a
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back reference), and otherwise is taken as octal.
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@section overview_resyntax_metasyntax Metasyntax
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In addition to the main syntax described above, there are some special forms
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and miscellaneous syntactic facilities available.
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Normally the flavor of RE being used is specified by application-dependent
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means. However, this can be overridden by a @e director. If an RE of any flavor
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begins with <tt>***:</tt>, the rest of the RE is an ARE. If an RE of any
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flavor begins with <tt>***=</tt>, the rest of the RE is taken to be a literal
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string, with all characters considered ordinary characters.
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An ARE may begin with <em>embedded options</em>: a sequence <tt>(?xyz)</tt>
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(where @e xyz is one or more alphabetic characters) specifies options affecting
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the rest of the RE. These supplement, and can override, any options specified
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by the application. The available option letters are:
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@beginTable
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@row2col{ <tt>b</tt> , Rest of RE is a BRE. }
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@row2col{ <tt>c</tt> , Case-sensitive matching (usual default). }
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@row2col{ <tt>e</tt> , Rest of RE is an ERE. }
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@row2col{ <tt>i</tt> , Case-insensitive matching (see
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@ref overview_resyntax_matching, below). }
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@row2col{ <tt>m</tt> , Historical synonym for @e n. }
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@row2col{ <tt>n</tt> , Newline-sensitive matching (see
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@ref overview_resyntax_matching, below). }
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@row2col{ <tt>p</tt> , Partial newline-sensitive matching (see
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@ref overview_resyntax_matching, below). }
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@row2col{ <tt>q</tt> , Rest of RE is a literal ("quoted") string, all ordinary
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characters. }
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@row2col{ <tt>s</tt> , Non-newline-sensitive matching (usual default). }
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@row2col{ <tt>t</tt> , Tight syntax (usual default; see below). }
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@row2col{ <tt>w</tt> , Inverse partial newline-sensitive ("weird") matching
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(see @ref overview_resyntax_matching, below). }
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@row2col{ <tt>x</tt> , Expanded syntax (see below). }
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@endTable
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Embedded options take effect at the <tt>)</tt> terminating the sequence. They
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are available only at the start of an ARE, and may not be used later within it.
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In addition to the usual (@e tight) RE syntax, in which all characters are
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significant, there is an @e expanded syntax, available in AREs with the
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embedded x option. In the expanded syntax, white-space characters are ignored
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and all characters between a <tt>@#</tt> and the following newline (or the end
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of the RE) are ignored, permitting paragraphing and commenting a complex RE.
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There are three exceptions to that basic rule:
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@li A white-space character or <tt>@#</tt> preceded by <tt>@\</tt> is retained.
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|
@li White space or <tt>@#</tt> within a bracket expression is retained.
|
|
@li White space and comments are illegal within multi-character symbols like
|
|
the ARE <tt>(?:</tt> or the BRE <tt>\(</tt>.
|
|
|
|
Expanded-syntax white-space characters are blank, tab, newline, and any
|
|
character that belongs to the @e space character class.
|
|
|
|
Finally, in an ARE, outside bracket expressions, the sequence <tt>(?@#ttt)</tt>
|
|
(where @e ttt is any text not containing a <tt>)</tt>) is a comment, completely
|
|
ignored. Again, this is not allowed between the characters of multi-character
|
|
symbols like <tt>(?:</tt>. Such comments are more a historical artifact than a
|
|
useful facility, and their use is deprecated; use the expanded syntax instead.
|
|
|
|
@e None of these metasyntax extensions is available if the application (or an
|
|
initial <tt>***=</tt> director) has specified that the user's input be treated
|
|
as a literal string rather than as an RE.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@section overview_resyntax_matching Matching
|
|
|
|
In the event that an RE could match more than one substring of a given string,
|
|
the RE matches the one starting earliest in the string. If the RE could match
|
|
more than one substring starting at that point, the choice is determined by
|
|
it's @e preference: either the longest substring, or the shortest.
|
|
|
|
Most atoms, and all constraints, have no preference. A parenthesized RE has the
|
|
same preference (possibly none) as the RE. A quantified atom with quantifier
|
|
<tt>{m}</tt> or <tt>{m}?</tt> has the same preference (possibly none) as the
|
|
atom itself. A quantified atom with other normal quantifiers (including
|
|
<tt>{m,n}</tt> with @e m equal to @e n) prefers longest match. A quantified
|
|
atom with other non-greedy quantifiers (including <tt>{m,n}?</tt> with @e m
|
|
equal to @e n) prefers shortest match. A branch has the same preference as the
|
|
first quantified atom in it which has a preference. An RE consisting of two or
|
|
more branches connected by the @c | operator prefers longest match.
|
|
|
|
Subject to the constraints imposed by the rules for matching the whole RE,
|
|
subexpressions also match the longest or shortest possible substrings, based on
|
|
their preferences, with subexpressions starting earlier in the RE taking
|
|
priority over ones starting later. Note that outer subexpressions thus take
|
|
priority over their component subexpressions.
|
|
|
|
Note that the quantifiers <tt>{1,1}</tt> and <tt>{1,1}?</tt> can be used to
|
|
force longest and shortest preference, respectively, on a subexpression or a
|
|
whole RE.
|
|
|
|
Match lengths are measured in characters, not collating elements. An empty
|
|
string is considered longer than no match at all. For example, <tt>bb*</tt>
|
|
matches the three middle characters of "abbbc",
|
|
<tt>(week|wee)(night|knights)</tt> matches all ten characters of "weeknights",
|
|
when <tt>(.*).*</tt> is matched against "abc" the parenthesized subexpression
|
|
matches all three characters, and when <tt>(a*)*</tt> is matched against "bc"
|
|
both the whole RE and the parenthesized subexpression match an empty string.
|
|
|
|
If case-independent matching is specified, the effect is much as if all case
|
|
distinctions had vanished from the alphabet. When an alphabetic that exists in
|
|
multiple cases appears as an ordinary character outside a bracket expression,
|
|
it is effectively transformed into a bracket expression containing both cases,
|
|
so that @c x becomes @c [xX]. When it appears inside a bracket expression, all
|
|
case counterparts of it are added to the bracket expression, so that @c [x]
|
|
becomes @c [xX] and @c [^x] becomes @c [^xX].
|
|
|
|
If newline-sensitive matching is specified, "." and bracket expressions using
|
|
"^" will never match the newline character (so that matches will never cross
|
|
newlines unless the RE explicitly arranges it) and "^" and "$" will match the
|
|
empty string after and before a newline respectively, in addition to matching
|
|
at beginning and end of string respectively. ARE <tt>@\A</tt> and <tt>@\Z</tt>
|
|
continue to match beginning or end of string @e only.
|
|
|
|
If partial newline-sensitive matching is specified, this affects "." and
|
|
bracket expressions as with newline-sensitive matching, but not "^" and "$".
|
|
|
|
If inverse partial newline-sensitive matching is specified, this affects "^"
|
|
and "$" as with newline-sensitive matching, but not "." and bracket
|
|
expressions. This isn't very useful but is provided for symmetry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@section overview_resyntax_limits Limits and Compatibility
|
|
|
|
No particular limit is imposed on the length of REs. Programs intended to be
|
|
highly portable should not employ REs longer than 256 bytes, as a
|
|
POSIX-compliant implementation can refuse to accept such REs.
|
|
|
|
The only feature of AREs that is actually incompatible with POSIX EREs is that
|
|
<tt>@\</tt> does not lose its special significance inside bracket expressions.
|
|
All other ARE features use syntax which is illegal or has undefined or
|
|
unspecified effects in POSIX EREs; the <tt>***</tt> syntax of directors
|
|
likewise is outside the POSIX syntax for both BREs and EREs.
|
|
|
|
Many of the ARE extensions are borrowed from Perl, but some have been changed
|
|
to clean them up, and a few Perl extensions are not present. Incompatibilities
|
|
of note include <tt>@\b</tt>, <tt>@\B</tt>, the lack of special treatment for a
|
|
trailing newline, the addition of complemented bracket expressions to the
|
|
things affected by newline-sensitive matching, the restrictions on parentheses
|
|
and back references in lookahead constraints, and the longest/shortest-match
|
|
(rather than first-match) matching semantics.
|
|
|
|
The matching rules for REs containing both normal and non-greedy quantifiers
|
|
have changed since early beta-test versions of this package. The new rules are
|
|
much simpler and cleaner, but don't work as hard at guessing the user's real
|
|
intentions.
|
|
|
|
Henry Spencer's original 1986 @e regexp package, still in widespread use,
|
|
implemented an early version of today's EREs. There are four incompatibilities
|
|
between @e regexp's near-EREs (RREs for short) and AREs. In roughly increasing
|
|
order of significance:
|
|
|
|
@li In AREs, <tt>@\</tt> followed by an alphanumeric character is either an
|
|
escape or an error, while in RREs, it was just another way of writing the
|
|
alphanumeric. This should not be a problem because there was no reason to
|
|
write such a sequence in RREs.
|
|
@li @c { followed by a digit in an ARE is the beginning of a bound, while in
|
|
RREs, @c { was always an ordinary character. Such sequences should be rare,
|
|
and will often result in an error because following characters will not
|
|
look like a valid bound.
|
|
@li In AREs, @c @\ remains a special character within @c [], so a literal @c @\
|
|
within @c [] must be written as <tt>@\@\</tt>. <tt>@\@\</tt> also gives a
|
|
literal @c @\ within @c [] in RREs, but only truly paranoid programmers
|
|
routinely doubled the backslash.
|
|
@li AREs report the longest/shortest match for the RE, rather than the first
|
|
found in a specified search order. This may affect some RREs which were
|
|
written in the expectation that the first match would be reported. The
|
|
careful crafting of RREs to optimize the search order for fast matching is
|
|
obsolete (AREs examine all possible matches in parallel, and their
|
|
performance is largely insensitive to their complexity) but cases where the
|
|
search order was exploited to deliberately find a match which was @e not
|
|
the longest/shortest will need rewriting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@section overview_resyntax_bre Basic Regular Expressions
|
|
|
|
BREs differ from EREs in several respects. @c |, @c +, and @c ? are ordinary
|
|
characters and there is no equivalent for their functionality. The delimiters
|
|
for bounds are @c @\{ and @c @\}, with @c { and @c } by themselves ordinary
|
|
characters. The parentheses for nested subexpressions are @c @\( and @c @\),
|
|
with @c ( and @c ) by themselves ordinary characters. @c ^ is an ordinary
|
|
character except at the beginning of the RE or the beginning of a parenthesized
|
|
subexpression, @c $ is an ordinary character except at the end of the RE or the
|
|
end of a parenthesized subexpression, and @c * is an ordinary character if it
|
|
appears at the beginning of the RE or the beginning of a parenthesized
|
|
subexpression (after a possible leading <tt>^</tt>). Finally, single-digit back
|
|
references are available, and @c @\@< and @c @\@> are synonyms for
|
|
<tt>[[:@<:]]</tt> and <tt>[[:@>:]]</tt> respectively; no other escapes are
|
|
available.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@section overview_resyntax_characters Regular Expression Character Names
|
|
|
|
Note that the character names are case sensitive.
|
|
|
|
<center><table class='doctable' border='0' cellspacing='5' cellpadding='4'><tr>
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
@beginTable
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>NUL</tt> , @\0 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>SOH</tt> , @\001 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>STX</tt> , @\002 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>ETX</tt> , @\003 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>EOT</tt> , @\004 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>ENQ</tt> , @\005 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>ACK</tt> , @\006 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>BEL</tt> , @\007 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>alert</tt> , @\007 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>BS</tt> , @\010 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>backspace</tt> , @\b }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>HT</tt> , @\011 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>tab</tt> , @\t }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>LF</tt> , @\012 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>newline</tt> , @\n }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>VT</tt> , @\013 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>vertical-tab</tt> , @\v }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>FF</tt> , @\014 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>form-feed</tt> , @\f }
|
|
@endTable
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
@beginTable
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>CR</tt> , @\015 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>carriage-return</tt> , @\r }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>SO</tt> , @\016 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>SI</tt> , @\017 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>DLE</tt> , @\020 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>DC1</tt> , @\021 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>DC2</tt> , @\022 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>DC3</tt> , @\023 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>DC4</tt> , @\024 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>NAK</tt> , @\025 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>SYN</tt> , @\026 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>ETB</tt> , @\027 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>CAN</tt> , @\030 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>EM</tt> , @\031 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>SUB</tt> , @\032 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>ESC</tt> , @\033 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>IS4</tt> , @\034 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>FS</tt> , @\034 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>IS3</tt> , @\035 }
|
|
@endTable
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
@beginTable
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>GS</tt> , @\035 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>IS2</tt> , @\036 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>RS</tt> , @\036 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>IS1</tt> , @\037 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>US</tt> , @\037 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>space</tt> , " " (space) }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>exclamation-mark</tt> , ! }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>quotation-mark</tt> , " }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>number-sign</tt> , @# }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>dollar-sign</tt> , @$ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>percent-sign</tt> , @% }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>ampersand</tt> , @& }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>apostrophe</tt> , ' }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>left-parenthesis</tt> , ( }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>right-parenthesis</tt> , ) }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>asterisk</tt> , * }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>plus-sign</tt> , + }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>comma</tt> , \, }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>hyphen</tt> , - }
|
|
@endTable
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
@beginTable
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>hyphen-minus</tt> , - }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>period</tt> , . }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>full-stop</tt> , . }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>slash</tt> , / }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>solidus</tt> , / }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>zero</tt> , 0 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>one</tt> , 1 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>two</tt> , 2 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>three</tt> , 3 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>four</tt> , 4 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>five</tt> , 5 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>six</tt> , 6 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>seven</tt> , 7 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>eight</tt> , 8 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>nine</tt> , 9 }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>colon</tt> , : }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>semicolon</tt> , ; }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>less-than-sign</tt> , @< }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>equals-sign</tt> , = }
|
|
@endTable
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
@beginTable
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>greater-than-sign</tt> , @> }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>question-mark</tt> , ? }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>commercial-at</tt> , @@ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>left-square-bracket</tt> , [ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>backslash</tt> , @\ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>reverse-solidus</tt> , @\ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>right-square-bracket</tt> , ] }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>circumflex</tt> , ^ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>circumflex-accent</tt> , ^ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>underscore</tt> , _ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>low-line</tt> , _ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>grave-accent</tt> , ' }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>left-brace</tt> , @leftCurly }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>left-curly-bracket</tt> , @leftCurly }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>vertical-line</tt> , | }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>right-brace</tt> , @rightCurly }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>right-curly-bracket</tt> , @rightCurly }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>tilde</tt> , ~ }
|
|
@row2col{ <tt>DEL</tt> , @\177 }
|
|
@endTable
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
</tr></table></center>
|
|
|
|
*/
|