///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Name: translation.h // Purpose: wxTranslation class // Author: wxWidgets team // RCS-ID: $Id$ // Licence: wxWindows license ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /** This class allows to get translations for strings. In wxWidgets this class manages message catalogs which contain the translations of the strings used to the current language. Unlike wxLocale, it isn't bound to locale. It can be used either independently of, or in conjunction with wxLocale. In the latter case, you should initialize wxLocale (which creates wxTranslations instance) first; in the former, you need to create a wxTranslations object and Set() it manually. Only one wxTranslations instance is active at a time; it is set with the Set() method and obtained using Get(). Unlike wxLocale, wxTranslations' primary mean of identifying language is by its "canonical name", i.e. ISO 639 code, possibly combined with ISO 3166 country code and additional modifiers (examples include "fr", "en_GB" or "ca@valencia"; see wxLocale::GetCanonicalName() for more information). This allows apps using wxTranslations API to use even languages not recognized by the operating system or not listed in wxLanguage enum. @since 2.9.1 @see wxLocale */ class wxTranslations { public: /// Constructor wxTranslations(); /** Returns current translations object, may return NULL. You must either call this early in app initialization code, or let wxLocale do it for you. */ static wxTranslations *Get(); /** Sets current translations object. Deletes previous translation object and takes ownership of @a t. */ static void Set(wxTranslations *t); /** Changes loader use to read catalogs to a non-default one. Deletes previous loader and takes ownership of @a loader. @see wxTranslationsLoader, wxFileTranslationsLoader, wxResourceTranslationsLoader */ void SetLoader(wxTranslationsLoader *loader); /** Sets translations language to use. wxLANGUAGE_DEFAULT has special meaning: best suitable translation, given user's preference and available translations, will be used. */ void SetLanguage(wxLanguage lang); /** Sets translations language to use. Empty @a lang string has the same meaning as wxLANGUAGE_DEFAULT in SetLanguage(wxLanguage): best suitable translation, given user's preference and available translations, will be used. */ void SetLanguage(const wxString& lang); /** Add standard wxWidgets catalogs ("wxstd" and possible port-specific catalogs). @return @true if a suitable catalog was found, @false otherwise @see AddCatalog() */ bool AddStdCatalog(); /** Add a catalog for use with the current locale. By default, it is searched for in standard places (see wxFileTranslationsLoader), but you may also prepend additional directories to the search path with wxFileTranslationsLoader::AddCatalogLookupPathPrefix(). All loaded catalogs will be used for message lookup by GetString() for the current locale. In this overload, @c msgid strings are assumed to be in English and written only using 7-bit ASCII characters. If you have to deal with non-English strings or 8-bit characters in the source code, see the instructions in @ref overview_nonenglish. @return @true if catalog was successfully loaded, @false otherwise (which might mean that the catalog is not found or that it isn't in the correct format). */ bool AddCatalog(const wxString& domain); /** Same as AddCatalog(const wxString&), but takes an additional argument, @a msgIdLanguage. @param domain The catalog domain to add. @param msgIdLanguage Specifies the language of "msgid" strings in source code (i.e. arguments to GetString(), wxGetTranslation() and the _() macro). It is used if AddCatalog() cannot find any catalog for current language: if the language is same as source code language, then strings from source code are used instead. @return @true if catalog was successfully loaded, @false otherwise (which might mean that the catalog is not found or that it isn't in the correct format). */ bool AddCatalog(const wxString& domain, wxLanguage msgIdLanguage); /** Same as AddCatalog(const wxString&, wxLanguage), but takes two additional arguments, @a msgIdLanguage and @a msgIdCharset. This overload is only available in non-Unicode build. @param domain The catalog domain to add. @param msgIdLanguage Specifies the language of "msgid" strings in source code (i.e. arguments to GetString(), wxGetTranslation() and the _() macro). It is used if AddCatalog() cannot find any catalog for current language: if the language is same as source code language, then strings from source code are used instead. @param msgIdCharset Lets you specify the charset used for msgids in sources in case they use 8-bit characters (e.g. German or French strings). @return @true if catalog was successfully loaded, @false otherwise (which might mean that the catalog is not found or that it isn't in the correct format). */ bool AddCatalog(const wxString& domain, wxLanguage msgIdLanguage, const wxString& msgIdCharset); /** Check if the given catalog is loaded, and returns @true if it is. According to GNU gettext tradition, each catalog normally corresponds to 'domain' which is more or less the application name. @see AddCatalog() */ bool IsLoaded(const wxString& domain) const; /** Directly loads catalog from a file. It is caller's responsibility to ensure that the catalog contains correct language. This function is primarily intended for wxTranslationsLoader implementations. @param filename Name of the MO file to load. @param domain Domain to load the translations into (typically matches file's basename). */ bool LoadCatalogFile(const wxString& filename, const wxString& domain = wxEmptyString); /** Retrieves the translation for a string in all loaded domains unless the @a domain parameter is specified (and then only this catalog/domain is searched). Returns original string if translation is not available (in this case an error message is generated the first time a string is not found; use wxLogNull to suppress it). @remarks Domains are searched in the last to first order, i.e. catalogs added later override those added before. */ const wxString& GetString(const wxString& origString, const wxString& domain = wxEmptyString) const; /** Retrieves the translation for a string in all loaded domains unless the @a domain parameter is specified (and then only this catalog/domain is searched). Returns original string if translation is not available (in this case an error message is generated the first time a string is not found; use wxLogNull to suppress it). This form is used when retrieving translation of string that has different singular and plural form in English or different plural forms in some other language. It takes two extra arguments: @a origString parameter must contain the singular form of the string to be converted. It is also used as the key for the search in the catalog. The @a origString2 parameter is the plural form (in English). The parameter @a n is used to determine the plural form. If no message catalog is found @a origString is returned if 'n == 1', otherwise @a origString2. See GNU gettext manual for additional information on plural forms handling. This method is called by the wxGetTranslation() function and _() macro. @remarks Domains are searched in the last to first order, i.e. catalogs added later override those added before. */ const wxString& GetString(const wxString& origString, const wxString& origString2, size_t n, const wxString& domain = wxEmptyString) const; /** Returns the header value for header @a header. The search for @a header is case sensitive. If an @a domain is passed, this domain is searched. Else all domains will be searched until a header has been found. The return value is the value of the header if found. Else this will be empty. */ wxString GetHeaderValue(const wxString& header, const wxString& domain = wxEmptyString) const; }; /** Abstraction of translations discovery and loading. This interface makes it possible to override wxWidgets' default catalogs loading mechanism and load MO files from locations other than the filesystem (e.g. embed them in executable). Implementations must implement the LoadCatalog() method. @see wxFileTranslationsLoader, wxResourceTranslationsLoader @since 2.9.1 */ class wxTranslationsLoader { public: /// Constructor wxTranslationsLoader() {} /** Called to load requested catalog. If the catalog is found, LoadCatalog() should call LoadCatalogFile() on @a translations to add the translation. @param translations wxTranslations requesting loading. @param domain Domain to load. @param lang Language to look for. This is "canonical name" (see wxLocale::GetCanonicalName()), i.e. ISO 639 code, possibly combined with country code or additional modifiers (e.g. "fr", "en_GB" or "ca@valencia"). @return @true on successful load, @false otherwise */ virtual bool LoadCatalog(wxTranslations *translations, const wxString& domain, const wxString& lang) = 0; }; /** Standard wxTranslationsLoader implementation. This finds catalogs in the filesystem, using the standard Unix layout. This is the default unless you change the loader with wxTranslations::SetLoader(). Catalogs are searched for in standard places (current directory first, then the system one), but you may also prepend additional directories to the search path with AddCatalogLookupPathPrefix(). @since 2.9.1 */ class wxFileTranslationsLoader : public wxTranslationsLoader { public: /** Add a prefix to the catalog lookup path: the message catalog files will be looked up under prefix/lang/LC_MESSAGES, prefix/lang and prefix (in this order). This only applies to subsequent invocations of wxTranslations::AddCatalog(). */ static void AddCatalogLookupPathPrefix(const wxString& prefix); }; /** This loader makes it possible to load translations from Windows resources. If you wish to store translation MO files in resources, you have to enable this loader before calling wxTranslations::AddCatalog() or wxLocale::AddCatalog(): @code wxTranslations::Get()->SetLoader(new wxResourceTranslationsLoader); @endcode Translations are stored in resources as compiled MO files, with type set to "MOFILE" (unless you override GetResourceType()) and name consisting of the domain, followed by underscore, followed by language identification. For example, the relevant part of .rc file would look like this: @code myapp_de MOFILE "catalogs/de/myapp.mo" myapp_fr MOFILE "catalogs/fr/myapp.mo" myapp_en_GB MOFILE "catalogs/en_GB/myapp.mo" @endcode This class is only available on Windows. @since 2.9.1 */ class wxResourceTranslationsLoader : public wxTranslationsLoader { protected: /** Returns resource type to use for translations. Default type is "MOFILE". */ virtual wxString GetResourceType() const; /** Returns handle of the module to load resources from. By default, the main executable is used. */ virtual WXHINSTANCE GetModule() const; }; // ============================================================================ // Global functions/macros // ============================================================================ /** @addtogroup group_funcmacro_string */ //@{ /** This macro is identical to _() but for the plural variant of wxGetTranslation(). @return A const wxString. @header{wx/intl.h} */ #define wxPLURAL(string, plural, n) /** This macro doesn't do anything in the program code -- it simply expands to the value of its argument. However it does have a purpose which is to mark the literal strings for the extraction into the message catalog created by @c xgettext program. Usually this is achieved using _() but that macro not only marks the string for extraction but also expands into a wxGetTranslation() call which means that it cannot be used in some situations, notably for static array initialization. Here is an example which should make it more clear: suppose that you have a static array of strings containing the weekday names and which have to be translated (note that it is a bad example, really, as wxDateTime already can be used to get the localized week day names already). If you write: @code static const char * const weekdays[] = { _("Mon"), ..., _("Sun") }; ... // use weekdays[n] as usual @endcode The code wouldn't compile because the function calls are forbidden in the array initializer. So instead you should do this: @code static const char * const weekdays[] = { wxTRANSLATE("Mon"), ..., wxTRANSLATE("Sun") }; ... // use wxGetTranslation(weekdays[n]) @endcode Note that although the code @b would compile if you simply omit wxTRANSLATE() in the above, it wouldn't work as expected because there would be no translations for the weekday names in the program message catalog and wxGetTranslation() wouldn't find them. @return A const wxChar*. @header{wx/intl.h} */ #define wxTRANSLATE(string) /** This function returns the translation of @a string in the current @c locale(). If the string is not found in any of the loaded message catalogs (see @ref overview_i18n), the original string is returned. In debug build, an error message is logged -- this should help to find the strings which were not yet translated. If @a domain is specified then only that domain/catalog is searched for a matching string. As this function is used very often, an alternative (and also common in Unix world) syntax is provided: the _() macro is defined to do the same thing as wxGetTranslation(). This function calls wxTranslations::GetString(). @note This function is not suitable for literal strings in Unicode builds since the literal strings must be enclosed into _T() or wxT() macro which makes them unrecognised by @c xgettext, and so they are not extracted to the message catalog. Instead, use the _() and wxPLURAL() macro for all literal strings. @see wxGetTranslation(const wxString&, const wxString&, size_t, const wxString&) @header{wx/intl.h} */ const wxString& wxGetTranslation(const wxString& string, const wxString& domain = wxEmptyString); /** This is an overloaded version of wxGetTranslation(const wxString&, const wxString&), please see its documentation for general information. This version is used when retrieving translation of string that has different singular and plural forms in English or different plural forms in some other language. Like wxGetTranslation(const wxString&,const wxString&), the @a string parameter must contain the singular form of the string to be converted and is used as the key for the search in the catalog. The @a plural parameter is the plural form (in English). The parameter @a n is used to determine the plural form. If no message catalog is found, @a string is returned if "n == 1", otherwise @a plural is returned. See GNU gettext Manual for additional information on plural forms handling: For a shorter alternative see the wxPLURAL() macro. This function calls wxLocale::GetString(). @header{wx/intl.h} */ const wxString& wxGetTranslation(const wxString& string, const wxString& plural, size_t n, const wxString& domain = wxEmptyString); /** This macro expands into a call to wxGetTranslation(), so it marks the message for the extraction by @c xgettext just as wxTRANSLATE() does, but also returns the translation of the string for the current locale during execution. Don't confuse this with _T()! @header{wx/intl.h} */ const wxString& _(const wxString& string); //@}