/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name:        stream.h
// Purpose:     topic overview
// Author:      wxWidgets team
// RCS-ID:      $Id$
// Licence:     wxWindows license
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**

@page overview_stream Stream classes overview

Classes:
@li wxStreamBase
@li wxStreamBuffer
@li wxInputStream
@li wxOutputStream
@li wxFilterInputStream
@li wxFilterOutputStream
@li wxFileInputStream
@li wxFileOutputStream
@li wxTextInputStream
@li wxTextOutputStream
@li wxDataInputStream
@li wxDataOutputStream

@li @ref overview_stream_intro
@li @ref overview_stream_example

<hr>



@section overview_stream_intro Introduction

wxWidgets provides its own set of stream classes in order to be
independent of the standard C++ stream class and their different
implementations.

Besides, using @c std::iostream on Linux makes impossible to write programs that are
binary compatible across different Linux distributions.

Therefore, wxStreams have been added to wxWidgets so that an applications can
reliably compile and run on all supported platforms without dependence on a
particular release of libg++.

wxStream classes are divided in two main groups:

@li The core: wxStreamBase, wxStreamBuffer, wxInputStream, wxOutputStream,
    wxFilterInputStream, wxFilterOutputStream
@li The "IO" classes: wxSocketInputStream, wxSocketOutputStream,
    wxFileInputStream, wxFileOutputStream, ...
@li Classes for reading text or binary data from a particular stream
    such as wxTextInputStream, wxTextOutputStream, wxDataInputStream
    and wxDataOutputStream

wxStreamBase is the base definition of a stream. It defines, for example, the
API of OnSysRead(), OnSysWrite(), OnSysSeek() and OnSysTell(). These functions are
really implemented by the "IO" classes.
wxInputStream and wxOutputStream classes inherit from wxStreamBase and provide
specialized methods for input and output.

wxStreamBuffer is a cache manager for wxStreamBase: it manages a stream buffer
linked to a stream. One stream can have multiple stream buffers but one stream
has always one autoinitialized stream buffer.

wxInputStream is the base class for read-only streams. It implements Read(),
SeekI() (I for Input), and all read or IO generic related functions.
wxOutputStream does the same thing for write-only streams.

wxFilterInputStream and wxFileterOutputStream are the base class definitions for
stream filtering.
Stream filtering means a stream which does no syscall but filters data which
are passed to it and then pass them to another stream.
For example, wxZLibInputStream is an inline stream decompressor.

The "IO" classes implements the specific parts of the stream. This could be
nothing in the case of wxMemoryInputStream and wxMemoryOutputStream which base
themselves on wxStreamBuffer.
This could also be a simple link to the true syscall (for example read(...), write(...)).


@section overview_stream_example Example

Usage is simple. We can take the example of wxFileInputStream and here is some
sample code:

@code
...
// The constructor initializes the stream buffer and open the file descriptor
// associated to the name of the file.
wxFileInputStream in_stream("the_file_to_be_read");

// Ok, read some bytes ... nb_datas is expressed in bytes.
in_stream.Read(data, nb_datas);
if (in_stream.LastError() != wxSTREAM_NOERROR) {
    // Oh oh, something bad happens.
    // For a complete list, look into the documentation at wxStreamBase.
}

// You can also inline all like this.
if (in_stream.Read(data, nb_datas).LastError() != wxSTREAM_NOERROR) {
    // Do something.
}

// You can also get the last number of bytes REALLY put into the buffer.
size_t really_read = in_stream.LastRead();

// Ok, moves to the beginning of the stream. SeekI returns the last position
// in the stream counted from the beginning.
off_t old_position = in_stream.SeekI(0, wxFromBeginning);

// What is my current position ?
off_t position = in_stream.TellI();

// wxFileInputStream will close the file descriptor on destruction.
@endcode

*/