\section{Window deletion overview}\label{windowdeletionoverview}

Classes: \helpref{wxCloseEvent}{wxcloseevent}, \helpref{wxWindow}{wxwindow}

Window deletion can be a confusing subject, so this overview is provided
to help make it clear when and how you delete windows, or respond to user requests
to close windows.

\wxheading{What is the sequence of events in a window deletion?}

When the user clicks on the system close button or system close command,
in a frame or a dialog, wxWindows calls \helpref{wxWindow::Close}{wxwindowclose}. This
in turn generates an EVT\_CLOSE event: see \helpref{wxWindow::OnCloseWindow}{wxwindowonclosewindow}.

It is the duty of the application to define a suitable event handler, and
decide whether or not to destroy the window.
If the application is for some reason forcing the application to close
(\helpref{wxCloseEvent::CanVeto}{wxcloseeventcanveto} returns FALSE), the window should always be destroyed, otherwise there is the option to
ignore the request, or maybe wait until the user has answered a question
before deciding whether it is safe to close. The handler for EVT\_CLOSE should
signal to the calling code if it does not destroy the window, by calling 
\helpref{wxCloseEvent::Veto}{wxcloseeventveto}. Calling this provides useful information
to the calling code.

The wxCloseEvent handler should only call \helpref{wxWindow::Destroy}{wxwindowdestroy} to
delete the window, and not use the {\bf delete} operator. This is because
for some window classes, wxWindows delays actual deletion of the window until all events have been processed,
since otherwise there is the danger that events will be sent to a non-existent window.

As reinforced in the next section, calling Close does not guarantee that the window
will be destroyed. Call \helpref{wxWindow::Destroy}{wxwindowdestroy} if you want to be
certain that the window is destroyed.

\wxheading{How can the application close a window itself?}

Your application can either use \helpref{wxWindow::Close}{wxwindowclose} event just as
the framework does, or it can call \helpref{wxWindow::Destroy}{wxwindowdestroy} directly.
If using Close(), you can pass a TRUE argument to this function to tell the event handler
that we definitely want to delete the frame and it cannot be vetoed.

The advantage of using Close instead of Destroy is that it will call any clean-up code
defined by the EVT\_CLOSE handler; for example it may close a document contained in
a window after first asking the user whether the work should be saved. Close can be vetoed
by this process (return FALSE), whereas Destroy definitely destroys the window.

\wxheading{What is the default behaviour?}

The default close event handler for wxDialog simulates a Cancel command,
generating a wxID\_CANCEL event. Since the handler for this cancel event might
itself call {\bf Close}, there is a check for infinite looping. The default handler
for wxID\_CANCEL hides the dialog (if modeless) or calls EndModal(wxID\_CANCEL) (if modal).
In other words, by default, the dialog {\it is not destroyed} (it might have been created
on the stack, so the assumption of dynamic creation cannot be made).

The default close event handler for wxFrame destroys the frame using Destroy().

Under Windows, wxDialog defines a handler for \helpref{wxWindow::OnCharHook}{wxwindowoncharhook} that
generates a Cancel event if the Escape key has been pressed.

\wxheading{What should I do when the user calls up Exit from a menu?}

You can simply call \helpref{wxWindow::Close}{wxwindowclose} on the frame. This
will invoke your own close event handler which may destroy the frame.

You can do checking to see if your application can be safely exited at this point,
either from within your close event handler, or from within your exit menu command
handler. For example, you may wish to check that all files have been saved.
Give the user a chance to save and quit, to not save but quit anyway, or to cancel
the exit command altogether.

\wxheading{What should I do to upgrade my 1.xx OnClose to 2.0?}

In wxWindows 1.xx, the {\bf OnClose} function did not actually delete 'this', but signaled
to the calling function (either {\bf Close}, or the wxWindows framework) to delete
or not delete the window.

To update your code, you should provide an event table entry in your frame or
dialog, using the EVT\_CLOSE macro. The event handler function might look like this:

{\small%
\begin{verbatim}
  void MyFrame::OnCloseWindow(wxCloseEvent& event)
  {
    if (MyDataHasBeenModified())
    {
      wxMessageDialog* dialog = new wxMessageDialog(this,
        "Save changed data?", "My app", wxYES_NO|wxCANCEL);

      int ans = dialog->ShowModal();
      dialog->Destroy();

      switch (ans)
      {
        case wxID_YES:      // Save, then destroy, quitting app
          SaveMyData();
          this->Destroy();
          break;
        case wxID_NO:       // Don't save; just destroy, quitting app
          this->Destroy();
          break;
        case wxID_CANCEL:   // Do nothing - so don't quit app.
        default:
          if (!event.CanVeto()) // Test if we can veto this deletion
            this->Destroy();    // If not, destroy the window anyway.
          else
            event.Veto();     // Notify the calling code that we didn't delete the frame.
          break;
      }
    }
  }
\end{verbatim}
}%

\wxheading{How do I exit the application gracefully?}

A wxWindows application automatically exits when the designated top window, or the
last frame or dialog, is destroyed. Put any application-wide cleanup code in \helpref{wxApp::OnExit}{wxapponexit} (this
is a virtual function, not an event handler).

\wxheading{Do child windows get deleted automatically?}

Yes, child windows are deleted from within the parent destructor. This includes any children
that are themselves frames or dialogs, so you may wish to close these child frame or dialog windows
explicitly from within the parent close handler.

\wxheading{What about other kinds of window?}

So far we've been talking about `managed' windows, i.e. frames and dialogs. Windows
with parents, such as controls, don't have delayed destruction and don't usually have
close event handlers, though you can implement them if you wish. For consistency,
continue to use the \helpref{wxWindow::Destroy}{wxwindowdestroy} function instead
of the {\bf delete} operator when deleting these kinds of windows explicitly.