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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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// Name: archive.h
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// Purpose: topic overview
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// Author: wxWidgets team
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// RCS-ID: $Id$
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2010-07-13 09:29:13 -04:00
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// Licence: wxWindows licence
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/**
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@page overview_archive Archive Formats
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The archive classes handle archive formats such as zip, tar, rar and cab.
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Currently wxZip and wxTar classes are included.
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For each archive type, there are the following classes (using zip here as an
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example):
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@li wxZipInputStream: Input stream
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@li wxZipOutputStream: Output stream
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@li wxZipEntry: Holds meta-data for an entry (e.g. filename, timestamp, etc.)
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There are also abstract wxArchive classes that can be used to write code that
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can handle any of the archive types, see @ref overview_archive_generic.
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Also see wxFileSystem for a higher level interface that can handle archive
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files in a generic way.
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The classes are designed to handle archives on both seekable streams such as
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disk files, or non-seekable streams such as pipes and sockets (see
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@ref overview_archive_noseek).
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See also wxFileSystem.
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@li @ref overview_archive_create
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@li @ref overview_archive_extract
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@li @ref overview_archive_modify
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@li @ref overview_archive_byname
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@li @ref overview_archive_generic
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@li @ref overview_archive_noseek
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<hr>
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@section overview_archive_create Creating an Archive
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Call wxArchiveOutputStream::PutNextEntry() to create each new entry in the
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archive, then write the entry's data. Another call to PutNextEntry() closes the
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current entry and begins the next. For example:
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@code
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wxFFileOutputStream out(wxT("test.zip"));
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wxZipOutputStream zip(out);
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wxTextOutputStream txt(zip);
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wxString sep(wxFileName::GetPathSeparator());
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zip.PutNextEntry(wxT("entry1.txt"));
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txt << wxT("Some text for entry1.txt\n");
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zip.PutNextEntry(wxT("subdir") + sep + wxT("entry2.txt"));
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txt << wxT("Some text for subdir/entry2.txt\n");
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@endcode
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The name of each entry can be a full path, which makes it possible to store
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entries in subdirectories.
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@section overview_archive_extract Extracting an Archive
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wxArchiveInputStream::GetNextEntry() returns a pointer to entry object
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containing the meta-data for the next entry in the archive (and gives away
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ownership).
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Reading from the input stream then returns the entry's data. Eof() becomes
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@true after an attempt has been made to read past the end of the entry's data.
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When there are no more entries, GetNextEntry() returns @NULL and sets Eof().
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@code
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auto_ptr<wxZipEntry> entry;
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wxFFileInputStream in(wxT("test.zip"));
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wxZipInputStream zip(in);
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while (entry.reset(zip.GetNextEntry()), entry.get() != NULL)
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{
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// access meta-data
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wxString name = entry->GetName();
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// read 'zip' to access the entry's data
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}
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@endcode
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@section overview_archive_modify Modifying an Archive
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To modify an existing archive, write a new copy of the archive to a new file,
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making any necessary changes along the way and transferring any unchanged
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entries using wxArchiveOutputStream::CopyEntry().
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For archive types which compress entry data, CopyEntry() is likely to be much
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more efficient than transferring the data using Read() and Write() since it
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will copy them without decompressing and recompressing them.
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In general modifications are not possible without rewriting the archive, though
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it may be possible in some limited cases. Even then, rewriting the archive is
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usually a better choice since a failure can be handled without losing the whole
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archive. wxTempFileOutputStream can be helpful to do this.
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For example to delete all entries matching the pattern "*.txt":
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@code
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auto_ptr<wxFFileInputStream> in(new wxFFileInputStream(wxT("test.zip")));
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wxTempFileOutputStream out(wxT("test.zip"));
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wxZipInputStream inzip(*in);
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wxZipOutputStream outzip(out);
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auto_ptr<wxZipEntry> entry;
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// transfer any meta-data for the archive as a whole (the zip comment
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// in the case of zip)
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outzip.CopyArchiveMetaData(inzip);
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// call CopyEntry for each entry except those matching the pattern
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while (entry.reset(inzip.GetNextEntry()), entry.get() != NULL)
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if (!entry->GetName().Matches(wxT("*.txt")))
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if (!outzip.CopyEntry(entry.release(), inzip))
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break;
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// close the input stream by releasing the pointer to it, do this
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// before closing the output stream so that the file can be replaced
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in.reset();
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// you can check for success as follows
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bool success = inzip.Eof() && outzip.Close() && out.Commit();
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@endcode
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@section overview_archive_byname Looking Up an Archive Entry by Name
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Also see wxFileSystem for a higher level interface that is more convenient for
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accessing archive entries by name.
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To open just one entry in an archive, the most efficient way is to simply
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search for it linearly by calling wxArchiveInputStream::GetNextEntry() until
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the required entry is found. This works both for archives on seekable and
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non-seekable streams.
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The format of filenames in the archive is likely to be different from the local
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filename format. For example zips and tars use unix style names, with forward
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slashes as the path separator, and absolute paths are not allowed. So if on
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Windows the file "C:\MYDIR\MYFILE.TXT" is stored, then when reading the entry
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back wxArchiveEntry::GetName() will return "MYDIR\MYFILE.TXT". The conversion
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into the internal format and back has lost some information.
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So to avoid ambiguity when searching for an entry matching a local name, it is
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better to convert the local name to the archive's internal format and search
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for that:
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@code
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auto_ptr<wxZipEntry> entry;
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// convert the local name we are looking for into the internal format
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wxString name = wxZipEntry::GetInternalName(localname);
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// open the zip
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wxFFileInputStream in(wxT("test.zip"));
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wxZipInputStream zip(in);
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// call GetNextEntry() until the required internal name is found
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do
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{
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entry.reset(zip.GetNextEntry());
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}
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while (entry.get() != NULL && entry->GetInternalName() != name);
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if (entry.get() != NULL)
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{
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// read the entry's data...
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}
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@endcode
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To access several entries randomly, it is most efficient to transfer the entire
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catalogue of entries to a container such as a std::map or a wxHashMap then
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entries looked up by name can be opened using the
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wxArchiveInputStream::OpenEntry() method.
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@code
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WX_DECLARE_STRING_HASH_MAP(wxZipEntry*, ZipCatalog);
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ZipCatalog::iterator it;
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wxZipEntry *entry;
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ZipCatalog cat;
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// open the zip
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wxFFileInputStream in(wxT("test.zip"));
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wxZipInputStream zip(in);
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// load the zip catalog
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while ((entry = zip.GetNextEntry()) != NULL)
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{
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wxZipEntry*& current = cat[entry->GetInternalName()];
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// some archive formats can have multiple entries with the same name
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// (e.g. tar) though it is an error in the case of zip
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delete current;
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current = entry;
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}
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// open an entry by name
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if ((it = cat.find(wxZipEntry::GetInternalName(localname))) != cat.end())
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{
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zip.OpenEntry(*it->second);
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// ... now read entry's data
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}
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@endcode
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To open more than one entry simultaneously you need more than one underlying
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stream on the same archive:
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@code
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// opening another entry without closing the first requires another
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// input stream for the same file
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wxFFileInputStream in2(wxT("test.zip"));
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wxZipInputStream zip2(in2);
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if ((it = cat.find(wxZipEntry::GetInternalName(local2))) != cat.end())
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zip2.OpenEntry(*it->second);
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@endcode
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@section overview_archive_generic Generic Archive Programming
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Also see wxFileSystem for a higher level interface that can handle archive
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files in a generic way.
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The specific archive classes, such as the wxZip classes, inherit from the
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following abstract classes which can be used to write code that can handle any
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of the archive types:
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@li wxArchiveInputStream: Input stream
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@li wxArchiveOutputStream: Output stream
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@li wxArchiveEntry: Holds the meta-data for an entry (e.g. filename)
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In order to able to write generic code it's necessary to be able to create
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instances of the classes without knowing which archive type is being used.
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To allow this there is a class factory for each archive type, derived from
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wxArchiveClassFactory, that can create the other classes.
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For example, given wxArchiveClassFactory* factory, streams and entries can be
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created like this:
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@code
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// create streams without knowing their type
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auto_ptr<wxArchiveInputStream> inarc(factory->NewStream(in));
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auto_ptr<wxArchiveOutputStream> outarc(factory->NewStream(out));
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// create an empty entry object
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auto_ptr<wxArchiveEntry> entry(factory->NewEntry());
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@endcode
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For the factory itself, the static member wxArchiveClassFactory::Find() can be
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used to find a class factory that can handle a given file extension or mime
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type. For example, given @e filename:
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@code
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const wxArchiveClassFactory *factory;
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factory = wxArchiveClassFactory::Find(filename, wxSTREAM_FILEEXT);
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if (factory)
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stream = factory->NewStream(new wxFFileInputStream(filename));
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@endcode
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@e Find() does not give away ownership of the returned pointer, so it does not
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need to be deleted.
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There are similar class factories for the filter streams that handle the
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compression and decompression of a single stream, such as wxGzipInputStream.
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These can be found using wxFilterClassFactory::Find().
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For example, to list the contents of archive @e filename:
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@code
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auto_ptr<wxInputStream> in(new wxFFileInputStream(filename));
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if (in->IsOk())
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{
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// look for a filter handler, e.g. for '.gz'
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const wxFilterClassFactory *fcf;
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fcf = wxFilterClassFactory::Find(filename, wxSTREAM_FILEEXT);
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if (fcf)
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{
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in.reset(fcf->NewStream(in.release()));
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// pop the extension, so if it was '.tar.gz' it is now just '.tar'
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filename = fcf->PopExtension(filename);
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}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// look for a archive handler, e.g. for '.zip' or '.tar'
|
|
|
|
const wxArchiveClassFactory *acf;
|
|
|
|
acf = wxArchiveClassFactory::Find(filename, wxSTREAM_FILEEXT);
|
|
|
|
if (acf)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
auto_ptr<wxArchiveInputStream> arc(acf->NewStream(in.release()));
|
|
|
|
auto_ptr<wxArchiveEntry> entry;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// list the contents of the archive
|
|
|
|
while ((entry.reset(arc->GetNextEntry())), entry.get() != NULL)
|
|
|
|
std::wcout << entry->GetName().c_str() << "\n";
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
else
|
|
|
|
{
|
2009-07-23 16:30:22 -04:00
|
|
|
wxLogError(wxT("can't handle '%s'"), filename.c_str());
|
2008-03-02 22:05:58 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
@endcode
|
2008-02-19 08:28:24 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008-03-13 12:30:38 -04:00
|
|
|
@section overview_archive_noseek Archives on Non-Seekable Streams
|
2008-03-02 22:05:58 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In general, handling archives on non-seekable streams is done in the same way
|
|
|
|
as for seekable streams, with a few caveats.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The main limitation is that accessing entries randomly using
|
|
|
|
wxArchiveInputStream::OpenEntry() is not possible, the entries can only be
|
|
|
|
accessed sequentially in the order they are stored within the archive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For each archive type, there will also be other limitations which will depend
|
|
|
|
on the order the entries' meta-data is stored within the archive. These are not
|
|
|
|
too difficult to deal with, and are outlined below.
|
|
|
|
|
2008-03-13 12:30:38 -04:00
|
|
|
@subsection overview_archive_noseek_entrysize PutNextEntry and the Entry Size
|
2008-03-02 22:05:58 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When writing archives, some archive formats store the entry size before the
|
|
|
|
entry's data (tar has this limitation, zip doesn't). In this case the entry's
|
|
|
|
size must be passed to wxArchiveOutputStream::PutNextEntry() or an error
|
|
|
|
occurs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is only an issue on non-seekable streams, since otherwise the archive
|
|
|
|
output stream can seek back and fix up the header once the size of the entry is
|
|
|
|
known.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For generic programming, one way to handle this is to supply the size whenever
|
|
|
|
it is known, and rely on the error message from the output stream when the
|
|
|
|
operation is not supported.
|
|
|
|
|
2008-03-13 12:30:38 -04:00
|
|
|
@subsection overview_archive_noseek_weak GetNextEntry and the Weak Reference Mechanism
|
2008-03-02 22:05:58 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some archive formats do not store all an entry's meta-data before the entry's
|
|
|
|
data (zip is an example). In this case, when reading from a non-seekable
|
|
|
|
stream, wxArchiveInputStream::GetNextEntry() can only return a partially
|
|
|
|
populated wxArchiveEntry object - not all the fields are set.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The input stream then keeps a weak reference to the entry object and updates it
|
|
|
|
when more meta-data becomes available. A weak reference being one that does not
|
|
|
|
prevent you from deleting the wxArchiveEntry object - the input stream only
|
|
|
|
attempts to update it if it is still around.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The documentation for each archive entry type gives the details of what
|
|
|
|
meta-data becomes available and when. For generic programming, when the worst
|
|
|
|
case must be assumed, you can rely on all the fields of wxArchiveEntry being
|
|
|
|
fully populated when GetNextEntry() returns, with the the following exceptions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@li wxArchiveEntry::GetSize(): Guaranteed to be available after the entry has
|
|
|
|
been read to wxInputStream::Eof(), or wxArchiveInputStream::CloseEntry()
|
|
|
|
has been called.
|
|
|
|
@li wxArchiveEntry::IsReadOnly(): Guaranteed to be available after the end of
|
|
|
|
the archive has been reached, i.e. after GetNextEntry() returns @NULL and
|
|
|
|
Eof() is @true.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This mechanism allows wxArchiveOutputStream::CopyEntry() to always fully
|
|
|
|
preserve entries' meta-data. No matter what order order the meta-data occurs
|
|
|
|
within the archive, the input stream will always have read it before the output
|
|
|
|
stream must write it.
|
|
|
|
|
2008-03-13 12:30:38 -04:00
|
|
|
@subsection overview_archive_noseek_notifier wxArchiveNotifier
|
2008-03-02 22:05:58 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notifier objects can be used to get a notification whenever an input stream
|
|
|
|
updates a wxArchiveEntry object's data via the weak reference mechanism.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consider the following code which renames an entry in an archive. This is the
|
|
|
|
usual way to modify an entry's meta-data, simply set the required field before
|
|
|
|
writing it with wxArchiveOutputStream::CopyEntry():
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@code
|
|
|
|
auto_ptr<wxArchiveInputStream> arc(factory->NewStream(in));
|
|
|
|
auto_ptr<wxArchiveOutputStream> outarc(factory->NewStream(out));
|
|
|
|
auto_ptr<wxArchiveEntry> entry;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
outarc->CopyArchiveMetaData(*arc);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
while (entry.reset(arc->GetNextEntry()), entry.get() != NULL)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (entry->GetName() == from)
|
|
|
|
entry->SetName(to);
|
|
|
|
if (!outarc->CopyEntry(entry.release(), *arc))
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bool success = arc->Eof() && outarc->Close();
|
|
|
|
@endcode
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
However, for non-seekable streams, this technique cannot be used for fields
|
|
|
|
such as wxArchiveEntry::IsReadOnly(), which are not necessarily set when
|
|
|
|
wxArchiveInputStream::GetNextEntry() returns.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In this case a wxArchiveNotifier can be used:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@code
|
|
|
|
class MyNotifier : public wxArchiveNotifier
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
public:
|
|
|
|
void OnEntryUpdated(wxArchiveEntry& entry) { entry.SetIsReadOnly(false); }
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
@endcode
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The meta-data changes are done in your notifier's
|
|
|
|
wxArchiveNotifier::OnEntryUpdated() method, then wxArchiveEntry::SetNotifier()
|
|
|
|
is called before CopyEntry():
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@code
|
|
|
|
auto_ptr<wxArchiveInputStream> arc(factory->NewStream(in));
|
|
|
|
auto_ptr<wxArchiveOutputStream> outarc(factory->NewStream(out));
|
|
|
|
auto_ptr<wxArchiveEntry> entry;
|
|
|
|
MyNotifier notifier;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
outarc->CopyArchiveMetaData(*arc);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
while (entry.reset(arc->GetNextEntry()), entry.get() != NULL)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
entry->SetNotifier(notifier);
|
|
|
|
if (!outarc->CopyEntry(entry.release(), *arc))
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bool success = arc->Eof() && outarc->Close();
|
|
|
|
@endcode
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SetNotifier() calls OnEntryUpdated() immediately, then the input stream calls
|
|
|
|
it again whenever it sets more fields in the entry. Since OnEntryUpdated() will
|
|
|
|
be called at least once, this technique always works even when it is not
|
|
|
|
strictly necessary to use it. For example, changing the entry name can be done
|
|
|
|
this way too and it works on seekable streams as well as non-seekable.
|
2008-02-19 08:28:24 -05:00
|
|
|
|
2008-02-21 16:46:03 -05:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2008-02-19 08:28:24 -05:00
|
|
|
|