diff --git a/docs/design/server.md b/docs/design/server.md index a5469ac..dca740d 100644 --- a/docs/design/server.md +++ b/docs/design/server.md @@ -138,6 +138,10 @@ the verdict is that they are useless and unusable, And we should use fibres instead. Fibres? +On the other hand, lots of people report incomprehensible complexity in +the borrow checker when it and the programmer are struggling with +asynch. + Boost fibres provide multiple stacks on a single thread of execution. But the consensus is that [fibres just massively suck](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20191011-00/?p=102989). @@ -164,7 +168,7 @@ how to do it with Goroutines. ## Massive concurrency in Rust -Well supported, works, widely used. +Well supported, works, widely used. Hard to use. The way Rust does things is that the input that you are waiting for is itself a future, and that is what drives the cooperative multi tasking engine. diff --git a/docs/setup/nixos.md b/docs/setup/nixos.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c79ab49 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/setup/nixos.md @@ -0,0 +1,260 @@ +--- +title: + Nixos +sidebar: true +... + +Nixos is primarily a package manager with a declarative functional language as its package manager. + +Which makes it possible to reproducibly create a setup. Unfortunately the packages are hard to customise, because access to the +configuration files is restricted and non trivial -- you have to create your own package. + +Nixos solves the problem of dll hell by having any number of configurations living on the same machine -- which leads to massive and rapid accumulation of garbage. Garbage collection is very slow, and requires either a lot of ram or a lot of swap (12GB swap recommended. This is a feature I do not want, but wind up suffering, for the advantage of reproducible setups. + +To avoid bloat, can use a strategy of re-install from scratch, which Nixos makes less painful. I notice the mail server insists +on pinning to a specific Nixos release. + +# Install Nixos + +# minimal server + +ssh and avahi daemon, pubkeys setup for ssh, users created. + +## configuration.nix + +```nix +# Edit this configuration file to define what should be installed on +# your system. Help is available in the configuration.nix(5) man page, on +# https://search.nixos.org/options and in the NixOS manual (`nixos-help`). + +{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: + +{ + imports = + [ # Include the results of the hardware scan. + ./hardware-configuration.nix + ]; + + # Use the systemd-boot EFI boot loader. + boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true; + boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true; + + # networking.hostName = "nixos"; # Define your hostname. + # Pick only one of the below networking options. + # networking.wireless.enable = true; # Enables wireless support via wpa_supplicant. + # networking.networkmanager.enable = true; # Easiest to use and most distros use this by default. + + # Set your time zone. + # time.timeZone = "Europe/Amsterdam"; + + # Configure network proxy if necessary + # networking.proxy.default = "http://user:password@proxy:port/"; + # networking.proxy.noProxy = "127.0.0.1,localhost,internal.domain"; + + # Select internationalisation properties. + i18n.defaultLocale = "en_US.UTF-8"; + # console = { + # font = "Lat2-Terminus16"; + # keyMap = "us"; + # useXkbConfig = true; # use xkb.options in tty. + # }; + + # Enable the X11 windowing system. + # services.xserver.enable = true; + + # Configure keymap in X11 + # services.xserver.xkb.layout = "us"; + # services.xserver.xkb.options = "eurosign:e,caps:escape"; + + # Enable CUPS to print documents. + # services.printing.enable = true; + + # Enable sound. + # hardware.pulseaudio.enable = true; + # OR + # services.pipewire = { + # enable = true; + # pulse.enable = true; + # }; + + # Enable touchpad support (enabled default in most desktopManager). + services.libinput.enable = false; + + #enable avahi-daemon + services.avahi = { + enable = true; + ipv6 = true; + ipv4 = true; + publish = { + enable = true; + addresses = true; + }; +# nssmdns4 = true; + }; + + # guest additions + # not very useful unless desktop enabled, or maybe it just does not work at all + #virtualisation.virtualbox.guest.enable = true; + + # Define a user account. Don't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’. + users.users.cherry = { + isNormalUser = true; + extraGroups = [ "wheel" ]; # Enable ‘sudo’ for the user. + openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIAVcyLSWwsa8aN+v2PaS1wuHXGVhTdC+43B3eZ9j/C/M" ]; + # packages = with pkgs; [ + # firefox + # tree + # ]; + }; + + # Define a user account. Don't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’. + users.users.root = { + openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIAVcyLSWwsa8aN+v2PaS1wuHXGVhTdC+43B3eZ9j/C/M" ]; + }; + + # List packages installed in system profile. To search, run: + # $ nix search wget + # environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ + # vim # Do not forget to add an editor to edit configuration.nix! The Nano editor is also installed by default. + # wget + # ]; + + # Some programs need SUID wrappers, can be configured further or are + # started in user sessions. + # programs.mtr.enable = true; + # programs.gnupg.agent = { + # enable = true; + # enableSSHSupport = true; + # }; + + # List services that you want to enable: + + # Enable the OpenSSH daemon. + services.openssh = { + enable = true; + hostKeys = [ + { + path = "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"; + rounds = 100; + type = "ed25519"; + } + ]; + settings = { + PasswordAuthentication = false; + PubkeyAuthentication = true; + PermitRootLogin = "prohibit-password"; + UsePAM = false; + ChallengeResponseAuthentication = false; + Ciphers = [ "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com" ]; + GatewayPorts = "Yes"; + KbdInteractiveAuthentication = false; + KexAlgorithms = [ "curve25519-sha256" "curve25519-sha256@libssh.org" ]; + Macs = [ "hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com" ]; + }; + }; + + # Open ports in the firewall. + # networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ]; + # networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ]; + # Or disable the firewall altogether. + networking.firewall.enable = false; + + # Copy the NixOS configuration file and link it from the resulting system + # (/run/current-system/configuration.nix). This is useful in case you + # accidentally delete configuration.nix. + # system.copySystemConfiguration = true; + + # This option defines the first version of NixOS you have installed on this particular machine, + # and is used to maintain compatibility with application data (e.g. databases) created on older NixOS versions. + # + # Most users should NEVER change this value after the initial install, for any reason, + # even if you've upgraded your system to a new NixOS release. + # + # This value does NOT affect the Nixpkgs version your packages and OS are pulled from, + # so changing it will NOT upgrade your system - see https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-upgrading for how + # to actually do that. + # + # This value being lower than the current NixOS release does NOT mean your system is + # out of date, out of support, or vulnerable. + # + # Do NOT change this value unless you have manually inspected all the changes it would make to your configuration, + # and migrated your data accordingly. + # + # For more information, see `man configuration.nix` or https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/options#opt-system.stateVersion . + system.stateVersion = "24.05"; # Did you read the comment? +} +``` + +## hardware-configuration.nix + +This should be set up automatically by the install +process. For a human to do it is very difficult. + +```nix +{ + imports = [ ]; + + boot.initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "ata_piix" "ohci_pci" "ehci_pci" "ahci" "sd_mod" "sr_mod" ]; + boot.initrd.kernelModules = [ ]; + boot.kernelModules = [ ]; + boot.extraModulePackages = [ ]; + + fileSystems."/" = + { device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/bf0ee7f8-0397-44d6-a3f7-462b848d0912"; + fsType = "ext4"; + }; + + fileSystems."/boot" = + { device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/B4E2-93D5"; + fsType = "vfat"; + options = [ "fmask=0077" "dmask=0077" ]; + }; + + swapDevices = + [ { device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/2b67021b-3b31-4e2d-a521-05362ffb39f8"; } + ]; + + # Enables DHCP on each ethernet and wireless interface. In case of scripted networking + # (the default) this is the recommended approach. When using systemd-networkd it's + # still possible to use this option, but it's recommended to use it in conjunction + # with explicit per-interface declarations with `networking.interfaces..useDHCP`. + networking.useDHCP = lib.mkDefault true; + # networking.interfaces.enp0s3.useDHCP = lib.mkDefault true; + + nixpkgs.hostPlatform = lib.mkDefault "x86_64-linux"; + virtualisation.virtualbox.guest.enable = true; +} +``` + +# change config + +```bash +nano /etc/nixos/conf*.nix +df -h . +nixos-rebuild test +nixos-rebuild boot +df -h . +``` + +## garbage collect old configs + +```bash +nix-env --delete-generations old +nix-store --gc --print-dead +nix-store --gc --print-live +nix-store --gc +``` + +# Install nginx, mariadb, and php + +[Nginx setup](https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/Nginx#LEMP_stack) + +# Nixos mail server + +[This](https://nixos-mailserver.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) has the huge advantage that it only needs a small computer. + +Setup is also decribed as ridiculously easy -- compare and contrast with much grief while setting up on debian. + +And the huge disadvantage that it only exists for Nix 23.05, while the latest "stable" (not very stable at all) release is 24.05 + +It also has only a minimal nginx setup. Not at all sure what will happen when I combine it with a real nginx setup. \ No newline at end of file