Copyright 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU MP Library.
The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public
License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with the GNU MP Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301, USA.
This directory contains mpn functions for various HP PA-RISC chips. Code
that runs faster on the PA7100 and later implementations, is in the pa7100
directory.
RELEVANT OPTIMIZATION ISSUES
Load and Store timing
On the PA7000 no memory instructions can issue the two cycles after a store.
For the PA7100, this is reduced to one cycle.
The PA7100 has a lookup-free cache, so it helps to schedule loads and the
dependent instruction really far from each other.
STATUS
1. mpn_mul_1 could be improved to 6.5 cycles/limb on the PA7100, using the
instructions below (but some sw pipelining is needed to avoid the
xmpyu-fstds delay):
fldds s1_ptr
xmpyu
fstds N(%r30)
xmpyu
fstds N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
addc
stws res_ptr
addc
stws res_ptr
addib Loop
2. mpn_addmul_1 could be improved from the current 10 to 7.5 cycles/limb
(asymptotically) on the PA7100, using the instructions below. With proper
sw pipelining and the unrolling level below, the speed becomes 8
cycles/limb.
fldds s1_ptr
fldds s1_ptr
xmpyu
fstds N(%r30)
xmpyu
fstds N(%r30)
xmpyu
fstds N(%r30)
xmpyu
fstds N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
ldws N(%r30)
addc
addc
addc
addc
addc %r0,%r0,cy-limb
ldws res_ptr
ldws res_ptr
ldws res_ptr
ldws res_ptr
add
stws res_ptr
addc
stws res_ptr
addc
stws res_ptr
addc
stws res_ptr
addib
3. For the PA8000 we have to stick to using 32-bit limbs before compiler
support emerges. But we want to use 64-bit operations whenever possible,
in particular for loads and stores. It is possible to handle mpn_add_n
efficiently by rotating (when s1/s2 are aligned), masking+bit field
inserting when (they are not). The speed should double compared to the
code used today.
LABEL SYNTAX
The HP-UX assembler takes labels starting in column 0 with no colon,
L$loop ldws,mb -4(0,%r25),%r22
Gas on hppa GNU/Linux however requires a colon,
L$loop: ldws,mb -4(0,%r25),%r22
This is covered by using LDEF() from asm-defs.m4. An alternative would be
to use ".label" which is accepted by both,
.label L$loop
ldws,mb -4(0,%r25),%r22
but that's not as nice to look at, not if you're used to assembler code
having labels in column 0.
REFERENCES
Hewlett Packard, "HP Assembler Reference Manual", 9th edition, June 1998,
part number 92432-90012.
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