535 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
535 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $Id: libtiff.3tiff,v 1.1 2004-11-11 14:39:16 dron Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Sam Leffler
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and
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.\" its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
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.\" that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in
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.\" all copies of the software and related documentation, and (ii) the names of
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.\" Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any advertising or
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.\" publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written
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.\" permission of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS-IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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.\" EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY
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.\" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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.\"
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL SAM LEFFLER OR SILICON GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR
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.\" ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND,
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.\" OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
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.\" WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF
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.\" LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
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.\" OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.if n .po 0
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.TH INTRO 3TIFF "August 21, 1997" "libtiff"
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.SH NAME
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libtiff \- introduction to
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.IR libtiff ,
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a library for reading and writing
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.SM TIFF
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files
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B "#include <tiffio.h>"
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.sp
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cc file.c
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.B -ltiff
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I libtiff
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is a library for reading and writing data files encoded with the
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.I "Tag Image File"
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format, Revision 6.0 (or revision 5.0 or revision 4.0).
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This file format is suitable for archiving multi-color and
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monochromatic image data.
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.PP
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The library supports several compression algorithms, as indicated
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by the
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.I Compression
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field, including:
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no compression (1),
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.SM CCITT
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1D Huffman compression (2),
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.SM CCITT
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Group 3 Facsimile compression (3),
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.SM CCITT
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Group 4 Facsimile compression (4),
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Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression (5),
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baseline JPEG compression (7),
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word-aligned 1D Huffman compression (32771),
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and
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PackBits compression (32773).
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In addition, several nonstandard compression algorithms are supported:
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the 4-bit compression algorithm used
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by the
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.I ThunderScan
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program (32809) (decompression only),
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NeXT's 2-bit compression algorithm (32766) (decompression only),
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an experimental LZ-style algorithm known as Deflate (32946), and
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an experimental CIE LogLuv compression scheme designed for images
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with high dynamic range (32845 for LogL and 32845 for LogLuv).
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Directory information may be in either little- or big-endian byte
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order\-byte swapping is automatically done by the library.
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Data bit ordering may be either Most Significant Bit (\c
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.SM MSB\c
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) to Least Significant Bit (\c
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.SM LSB\c
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) or
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.SM LSB
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to
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.SM MSB.
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Finally, the library does not support files in which the
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.IR BitsPerSample ,
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.IR Compression ,
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.IR MinSampleValue ,
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or
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.IR MaxSampleValue
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fields are defined differently on a per-sample basis
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(in Rev. 6.0 the
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.I Compression
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tag is not defined on a per-sample basis, so this is immaterial).
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.SH "DATA TYPES"
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The library makes extensive use of C typedefs to promote portability.
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Two sets of typedefs are used, one for communication with clients
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of the library and one for internal data structures and parsing of the
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.SM TIFF
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format.
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The following typedefs are exposed to users either through
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function definitions or through parameters passed through the
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varargs interfaces.
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.in +.5i
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.sp 5p
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.ta +\w'typedef unsigned <\fIthing\fP> uint32; 'u
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.nf
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typedef unsigned short uint16; 16-bit unsigned integer
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typedef unsigned <\fIthing\fP> uint32; 32-bit unsigned integer
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.sp 5p
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typedef unsigned int ttag_t; directory tag
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typedef uint16 tdir_t; directory index
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typedef uint16 tsample_t; sample number
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typedef uint32 tstrip_t; strip number
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typedef uint32 ttile_t; tile number
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typedef int32 tsize_t; i/o size in bytes
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typedef void* tdata_t; image data ref
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typedef void* thandle_t; client data handle
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typedef int32 toff_t; file offset
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.fi
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.sp 5p
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.in -.5i
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Note that
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.IR tstrip_t ,
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.IR ttile_t ,
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and
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.I tsize_t
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are constrained to be no more than 32-bit quantities by
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32-bit fields they are stored in in the
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.SM TIFF
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image.
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Likewise
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.I tsample_t
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is limited by the 16-bit field used to store the
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.I SamplesPerPixel
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tag.
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.I tdir_t
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constrains the maximum number of
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.SM IFDs
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that may appear in an image and may be an arbitrary size (w/o penalty).
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.I ttag_t
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must be either int, unsigned int, pointer, or double because
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the library uses a varargs interface and
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.SM "ANSI C"
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restricts the type of the parameter before an ellipsis to be a
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promoted type.
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.I toff_t
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is defined as int32 because TIFF file offsets are (unsigned) 32-bit
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quantities.
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A signed value is used because some interfaces return \-1 on error.
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Finally, note that user-specified data references are
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passed as opaque handles and only cast at the lowest layers where
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their type is presumed.
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.SH "LIST OF ROUTINES"
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The following routines are part of the library.
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Consult specific manual pages for details on their operation.
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The manual page names listed below are for systems
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where the full function names can not be encoded in the filesystem;
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on most systems doing ``man function-name'' will work.
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.sp 5p
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.nf
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.ta \w'TIFFWriteEncodedStrip'u+2n +\w'Appears on Page'u+2n
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\fIName\fP \fIAppears on Page\fP \fIDescription\fP
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.sp 5p
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TIFFCheckpointDirectory writedir.3t writes the current state of the directory
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TIFFCheckTile tile.3t very x,y,z,sample is within image
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TIFFCIELabToRGBInit color.3t initialize CIE L*a*b* 1976 to RGB conversion state
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TIFFCIELabToXYZ color.3t perform CIE L*a*b* 1976 to CIE XYZ conversion
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TIFFClientOpen open.3t open a file for reading or writing
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TIFFClose close.3t close an open file
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TIFFComputeStrip strip.3t return strip containing y,sample
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TIFFComputeTile tile.3t return tile containing x,y,z,sample
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TIFFCurrentDirectory query.3t return index of current directory
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TIFFCurrentRow query.3t return index of current scanline
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TIFFCurrentStrip query.3t return index of current strip
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TIFFCurrentTile query.3t return index of current tile
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TIFFDataWidth width.3t return the size of TIFF data types
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TIFFError error.3t library error handler
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TIFFFdOpen open.3t open a file for reading or writing
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TIFFFileName query.3t return name of open file
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TIFFFileno query.3t return open file descriptor
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TIFFFindCODEC codec.3t find standard codec for the specific scheme
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TIFFFlush flush.3t flush all pending writes
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TIFFFlushData flush.3t flush pending data writes
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TIFFGetBitRevTable swab.3t return bit reversal table
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TIFFGetField getfield.3t return tag value in current directory
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TIFFGetFieldDefaulted getfield.3t return tag value in current directory
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TIFFGetMode query.3t return open file mode
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TIFFGetVersion query.3t return library version string
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TIFFIsCODECConfigured codec.3t check, whether we have working codec
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TIFFIsTiled query.3t return true if image data is tiled
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TIFFIsByteSwapped query.3t return true if image data is byte-swapped
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TIFFNumberOfStrips strip.3t return number of strips in an image
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TIFFNumberOfTiles tile.3t return number of tiles in an image
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TIFFOpen open.3t open a file for reading or writing
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TIFFPrintDirectory print.3t print description of the current directory
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TIFFReadBufferSetup rdbuf.3t specify i/o buffer for reading
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TIFFReadDirectory readdir.3t read the next directory
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TIFFReadEncodedStrip rdestrip.3t read and decode a strip of data
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TIFFReadEncodedTile rdetile.3t read and decode a tile of data
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TIFFReadRawStrip rdrstrip.3t read a raw strip of data
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TIFFReadRawTile rdrtile.3t read a raw tile of data
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TIFFReadRGBAImage rdimage.3t read an image into a fixed format raster
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TIFFReadScanline readline.3t read and decode a row of data
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TIFFReadTile readtile.3t read and decode a tile of data
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TIFFRegisterCODEC codec.3t override standard codec for the specific scheme
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TIFFReverseBits swab.3t reverse bits in an array of bytes
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TIFFRGBAImageBegin rgbaimage.3t setup decoder state for TIFFRGBAImageGet
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TIFFRGBAImageEnd rgbaimage.3t release TIFFRGBAImage decoder state
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TIFFRGBAImageGet rgbaimage.3t read and decode an image
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TIFFRGBAImageOK rgbaimage.3t is image readable by TIFFRGBAImageGet
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TIFFScanlineSize size.3t return size of a scanline
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TIFFSetDirectory setdir.3t set the current directory
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TIFFSetSubDirectory setdir.3t set the current directory
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TIFFSetErrorHandler error.3t set error handler function
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TIFFSetField setfield.3t set a tag's value in the current directory
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TIFFSetWarningHandler error.3t set warning handler function
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TIFFStripSize strip.3t returns size of a strip
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TIFFRawStripSize strip.3t returns the number of bytes in a raw strip
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TIFFSwabShort swab.3t swap bytes of short
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TIFFSwabLong swab.3t swap bytes of long
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TIFFSwabArrayOfShort swab.3t swap bytes of an array of shorts
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TIFFSwabArrayOfLong swab.3t swap bytes of an array of longs
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TIFFTileRowSize size.3t return size of a row in a tile
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TIFFTileSize size.3t return size of a tile
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TIFFUnRegisterCODEC codec.3t unregisters the codec
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TIFFVGetField getfield.3t return tag value in current directory
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TIFFVGetFieldDefaulted getfield.3t return tag value in current directory
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TIFFVSetField setfield.3t set a tag's value in the current directory
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TIFFVStripSize strip.3t returns the number of bytes in a strip
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TIFFWarning warning.3t library warning handler
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TIFFWriteDirectory writedir.3t write the current directory
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TIFFWriteEncodedStrip wrestrip.3t compress and write a strip of data
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TIFFWriteEncodedTile wretile.3t compress and write a tile of data
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TIFFWriteRawStrip wrrstrip.3t write a raw strip of data
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TIFFWriteRawTile wrrtile.3t write a raw tile of data
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TIFFWriteScanline writeline.3t write a scanline of data
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TIFFWriteTile wrrtile.3t compress and write a tile of data
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TIFFXYZToRGB color.3t perform CIE XYZ to RGB conversion
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TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit color.3t initialize YCbCr to RGB conversion state
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TIFFYCbCrtoRGB color.3t perform YCbCr to RGB conversion
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.fi
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.SH "TAG USAGE"
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The table below lists the
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.SM TIFF
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tags that are recognized and handled by the library.
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If no use is indicated in the table, then the library
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reads and writes the tag, but does not use it internally.
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Note that some tags are meaningful only when a particular
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compression scheme is being used; e.g.
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.I Group3Options
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is only useful if
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.I Compression
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is set to
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.SM CCITT
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Group 3 encoding.
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Tags of this sort are considered
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.I codec-specific
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tags and the library does not recognize them except when the
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.I Compression
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tag has been previously set to the relevant compression scheme.
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.sp 5p
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.nf
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.ta \w'TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE'u+2n +\w'Value'u+2n +\w'R/W'u+2n
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\fITag Name\fP \fIValue\fP \fIR/W\fP \fILibrary Use/Notes\fP
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.sp 5p
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.nf
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Artist 315 R/W
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BadFaxLines 326 R/W
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BitsPerSample 258 R/W lots
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CellLength 265 parsed but ignored
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CellWidth 264 parsed but ignored
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CleanFaxData 327 R/W
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ColorMap 320 R/W
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ColorResponseUnit 300 parsed but ignored
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Compression 259 R/W choosing codec
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ConsecutiveBadFaxLines 328 R/W
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Copyright 33432 R/W
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DataType 32996 R obsoleted by SampleFormat tag
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DateTime 306 R/W
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DocumentName 269 R/W
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DotRange 336 R/W
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ExtraSamples 338 R/W lots
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FaxRecvParams 34908 R/W
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FaxSubAddress 34909 R/W
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FaxRecvTime 34910 R/W
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FillOrder 266 R/W control bit order
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FreeByteCounts 289 parsed but ignored
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FreeOffsets 288 parsed but ignored
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GrayResponseCurve 291 parsed but ignored
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GrayResponseUnit 290 parsed but ignored
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Group3Options 292 R/W used by Group 3 codec
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Group4Options 293 R/W
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HostComputer 316 R/W
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ImageDepth 32997 R/W tile/strip calculations
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ImageDescription 270 R/W
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ImageLength 257 R/W lots
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ImageWidth 256 R/W lots
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InkNames 333 R/W
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InkSet 332 R/W
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JPEGTables 347 R/W used by JPEG codec
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Make 271 R/W
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Matteing 32995 R obsoleted by ExtraSamples tag
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MaxSampleValue 281 R/W
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MinSampleValue 280 R/W
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Model 272 R/W
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NewSubFileType 254 R/W called SubFileType in spec
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NumberOfInks 334 R/W
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Orientation 274 R/W
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PageName 285 R/W
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PageNumber 297 R/W
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PhotometricInterpretation 262 R/W used by Group 3 and JPEG codecs
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PlanarConfiguration 284 R/W data i/o
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Predictor 317 R/W used by LZW and Deflate codecs
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PrimaryChromacities 319 R/W
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ReferenceBlackWhite 532 R/W
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ResolutionUnit 296 R/W used by Group 3 codec
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RowsPerStrip 278 R/W data i/o
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SampleFormat 339 R/W
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SamplesPerPixel 277 R/W lots
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SMinSampleValue 340 R/W
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SMaxSampleValue 341 R/W
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Software 305 R/W
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StoNits 37439 R/W
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StripByteCounts 279 R/W data i/o
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StripOffsets 273 R/W data i/o
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SubFileType 255 R/W called OSubFileType in spec
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TargetPrinter 337 R/W
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Thresholding 263 R/W
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TileByteCounts 324 R/W data i/o
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TileDepth 32998 R/W tile/strip calculations
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TileLength 323 R/W data i/o
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TileOffsets 324 R/W data i/o
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TileWidth 322 R/W data i/o
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TransferFunction 301 R/W
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WhitePoint 318 R/W
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XPosition 286 R/W
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XResolution 282 R/W
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YCbCrCoefficients 529 R/W used by TIFFRGBAImage support
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YCbCrPositioning 531 R/W tile/strip size calulcations
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YCbCrSubsampling 530 R/W
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YPosition 286 R/W
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YResolution 283 R/W used by Group 3 codec
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.SH "PSEUDO TAGS"
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In addition to the normal
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.SM TIFF
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tags the library supports a collection of
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tags whose values lie in a range outside the valid range of
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.SM TIFF
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tags.
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These tags are termed
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.I pseud-tags
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and are used to control various codec-specific functions within the library.
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The table below summarizes the defined pseudo-tags.
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.sp 5p
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.nf
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.ta \w'TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE'u+2n +\w'Codec'u+2n +\w'R/W'u+2n
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\fITag Name\fP \fICodec\fP \fIR/W\fP \fILibrary Use/Notes\fP
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.sp 5p
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.nf
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TIFFTAG_FAXMODE G3 R/W general codec operation
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TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC G3/G4 R/W bitmap fill function
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TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY JPEG R/W compression quality control
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TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE JPEG R/W control colorspace conversions
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TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE JPEG R/W control contents of \fIJPEGTables\fP tag
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TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY Deflate R/W compression quality level
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TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT PixarLog R/W user data format
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TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY PixarLog R/W compression quality level
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TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT SGILog R/W user data format
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.fi
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.TP
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.B TIFFTAG_FAXMODE
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Control the operation of the Group 3 codec.
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Possible values (independent bits that can be combined by
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or'ing them together) are:
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FAXMODE_CLASSIC
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(enable old-style format in which the
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.SM RTC
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is written at the end of the last strip),
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FAXMODE_NORTC
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(opposite of
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FAXMODE_CLASSIC;
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also called
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FAXMODE_CLASSF),
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FAXMODE_NOEOL
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(do not write
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.SM EOL
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codes at the start of each row of data),
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FAXMODE_BYTEALIGN
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(align each encoded row to an 8-bit boundary),
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FAXMODE_WORDALIGN
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(align each encoded row to an 16-bit boundary),
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The default value is dependent on the compression scheme; this
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pseudo-tag is used by the various G3 and G4 codecs to share code.
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.TP
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.B TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC
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Control the function used to convert arrays of black and white
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runs to packed bit arrays.
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This hook can be used to image decoded scanlines in multi-bit
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depth rasters (e.g. for display in colormap mode)
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or for other purposes.
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The default value is a pointer to a builtin function that images
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packed bilevel data.
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.TP
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.B TIFFTAG_IPTCNEWSPHOTO
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Tag contaings image metadata per the IPTC newsphoto spec: Headline,
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captioning, credit, etc... Used by most wire services.
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.TP
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.B TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP
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Tag contains Photoshop captioning information and metadata. Photoshop
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uses in parallel and redundantly alongside IPTCNEWSPHOTO information.
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.TP
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.B TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY
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Control the compression quality level used in the baseline algorithm.
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Note that quality levels are in the range 0-100 with a default value of 75.
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.TP
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.B TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE
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Control whether or not conversion is done between
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RGB and YCbCr colorspaces.
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Possible values are:
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JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW
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(do not convert), and
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JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB
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(convert to/from RGB)
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The default value is JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW.
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.TP
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.B TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE
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Control the information written in the
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.I JPEGTables
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tag.
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Possible values (independent bits that can be combined by
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or'ing them together) are:
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JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT
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(include quantization tables),
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and
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JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF
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(include Huffman encoding tables).
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The default value is JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT|JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF.
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.TP
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.B TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY
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Control the compression technique used by the Deflate codec.
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Quality levels are in the range 1-9 with larger numbers yielding better
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compression at the cost of more computation.
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The default quality level is 6 which yields a good time-space tradeoff.
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.TP
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.B TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT
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Control the format of user data passed
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.I in
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to the PixarLog codec when encoding and passed
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.I out
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from when decoding.
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Possible values are:
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PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BIT
|
|
for 8-bit unsigned pixels,
|
|
PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BITABGR
|
|
for 8-bit unsigned ABGR-ordered pixels,
|
|
PIXARLOGDATAFMT_11BITLOG
|
|
for 11-bit log-encoded raw data,
|
|
PIXARLOGDATAFMT_12BITPICIO
|
|
for 12-bit PICIO-compatible data,
|
|
PIXARLOGDATAFMT_16BIT
|
|
for 16-bit signed samples,
|
|
and
|
|
PIXARLOGDATAFMT_FLOAT
|
|
for 32-bit IEEE floating point samples.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY
|
|
Control the compression technique used by the PixarLog codec.
|
|
This value is treated identically to TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY; see the
|
|
above description.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT
|
|
Control the format of client data passed
|
|
.I in
|
|
to the SGILog codec when encoding and passed
|
|
.I out
|
|
from when decoding.
|
|
Possible values are:
|
|
SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTXYZ
|
|
for converting between LogLuv and 32-bit IEEE floating valued XYZ pixels,
|
|
SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITLUV
|
|
for 16-bit encoded Luv pixels,
|
|
SGILOGDATAFMT_32BITRAW and SGILOGDATAFMT_24BITRAW
|
|
for no conversion of data,
|
|
SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITRGB
|
|
for returning 8-bit RGB data (valid only when decoding LogLuv-encoded data),
|
|
SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTY
|
|
for converting between LogL and 32-bit IEEE floating valued Y pixels,
|
|
SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITL
|
|
for 16-bit encoded L pixels,
|
|
and
|
|
SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITGRY
|
|
for returning 8-bit greyscale data
|
|
(valid only when decoding LogL-encoded data).
|
|
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
All error messages are directed through the
|
|
.IR TIFFError
|
|
routine.
|
|
By default messages are directed to
|
|
.B stderr
|
|
in the form:
|
|
.IR "module: message\en."
|
|
Warning messages are likewise directed through the
|
|
.IR TIFFWarning
|
|
routine.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.IR fax2tiff (1),
|
|
.IR gif2tiff (1),
|
|
.IR pal2rgb (1),
|
|
.IR ppm2tiff (1),
|
|
.IR rgb2ycbcr (1),
|
|
.IR ras2tiff (1),
|
|
.IR raw2tiff (1),
|
|
.IR sgi2tiff (1),
|
|
.IR tiff2bw (1),
|
|
.IR tiffdither (1),
|
|
.IR tiffdump (1),
|
|
.IR tiffcp (1),
|
|
.IR tiffcmp (1),
|
|
.IR tiffgt (1),
|
|
.IR tiffinfo (1),
|
|
.IR tiffmedian (1),
|
|
.IR tiffsplit (1),
|
|
.IR tiffsv (1),
|
|
.PP
|
|
.IR "Tag Image File Format Specification \(em Revision 6.0" ,
|
|
an Aldus Technical Memorandum.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.IR "The Spirit of TIFF Class F" ,
|
|
an appendix to the TIFF 5.0 specification prepared by Cygnet Technologies.
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
The library does not support multi-sample images
|
|
where some samples have different bits/sample.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The library does not support random access to compressed data
|
|
that is organized with more than one row per tile or strip.
|
|
The library discards unknown tags.
|
|
The library should do more validity checking of a directory's contents.
|