571 lines
22 KiB
Groff
571 lines
22 KiB
Groff
.\" tiffcrop -- a port of tiffcp.c extended to include extended processing of images
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.\"
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.\" Original code:
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Sam Leffler
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and
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.\" its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
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.\" that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in
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.\" all copies of the software and related documentation, and (ii) the names of
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.\" Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any advertising or
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.\" publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written
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.\" permission of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS-IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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.\" EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY
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.\" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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.\"
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL SAM LEFFLER OR SILICON GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR
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.\" ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND,
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.\" OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
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.\" WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF
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.\" LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
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.\" OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.\" Additional code Copyright (c) 2006-2009 Richard Nolde
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.\" Lasted Updated 9/2009
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.\" .if n .po 0
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.TH "TIFFCROP" "1" "December, 2008" "libtiff" ""
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.SH "NAME"
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tiffcrop \- select, copy, crop, convert, extract, and/or process one or more
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.SM TIFF
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files.
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.B tiffcrop
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[
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.I options
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]
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.I "src1.tif ... srcN.tif dst.tif"
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.I Tiffcrop
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processes one or more files created according
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to the Tag Image File Format, Revision 6.0, specification
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into one or more
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.SM TIFF
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file(s).
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.I Tiffcrop
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is most often used to extract portions of an image for processing
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with bar code recognizer or OCR software when that software cannot
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restrict the region of interest to a specific portion of the image
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or to improve efficiency when the regions of interest must be rotated.
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It can also be used to subdivide all or part of a processed image into
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smaller sections and export individual images or sections of images
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as separate files or separate images within one or more files derived
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from the original input image or images.
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.PP
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The available functions can be grouped broadly into three classes:
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.IP
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Those that select individual images or sections of images from the input files.
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The options \-N for sequences or lists of individual images in the input files,
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\-Z for zones, \-z for regions, \-X and \-Y for fixed sized selections,
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\-m for margins, \-U for units, and \-E for edge reference provide a variety of
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ways to specify portions of the input image.
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.IP
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Those that allow the individual images or selections to be exported to one or
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more output files in different groupings and control the organization of the
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data in the output images. The options \-P for page size grouping, \-S for
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subdivision into columns and rows and \-e for export mode options that produce
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one or more files from each input image. The options \-r, \-s, \-t, \-w control
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strip and tile format and sizes while \-B \-L \-c \-f modify the endian addressing
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scheme, the compression options, and the bit fill sequence of images as they
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are written.
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.IP
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Those that perform some action on each image that is selected from the input file.
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The options include \-R for rotate, \-I for inversion of the photometric
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interpretation and/or data values, and \-F to flip (mirror) the image horizontally
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or vertically.
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.PP
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Functions are applied to the input image(s) in the following order:
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cropping, fixed area extraction, zone and region extraction,
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inversion, mirroring, rotation.
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.PP
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Functions are applied to the output image(s) in the following order:
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export mode options for grouping zones, regions, or images into
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one or more files,
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.I or
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row and column divisions with output margins,
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.I or
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page size divisions with page orientation options.
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.PP
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Finally, strip, tile, byte order, output resolution, and compression options are
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applied to all output images.
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.PP
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The output file(s) may be organized and compressed using a different
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algorithm from the input files.
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By default,
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.I tiffcrop
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will copy all the understood tags in a
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.SM TIFF
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directory of an input file to the associated directory in the output file.
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Options can be used to force the resultant image to be written as strips
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or tiles of data, respectively.
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.PP
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.I Tiffcrop
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can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of data
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in a file, and to reorganize, extract, rotate, and otherwise
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process the image data as specified at the same time whereas
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tiffcp does not alter the image data within the file.
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.PP
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Using the options for selecting individual input images and the
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options for exporting images and/or segments defined as zones or
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regions of each input image,
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.I tiffcrop
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can perform the functions of tiffcp and tiffsplit in a single pass
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while applying multiple operations to individual selections or images.
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.PP
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.TP
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.B \-h
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Display the syntax summary for tiffcrop.
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.TP
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.B \-v
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Report the current version and last modification date for tiffcrop.
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.TP
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.B \-N odd|even|#,#\-#,#|last
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Specify one or more series or range(s) of images within each file to process.
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The words
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.B odd
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or
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.B even
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may be used to specify all odd or even numbered images counting from one.
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Note that internally, TIFF images are numbered from zero rather than one
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but since this convention is not obvious to most users, tiffcrop used 1
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to specifiy the first image in a multipage file. The word
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.B last
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may be used in place of a number in the sequence to indicate the
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final image in the file without knowing how many images there are.
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Ranges of images may be specified with a dash and multiple sets
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can be indicated by joining them in a comma\-separated list. eg. use
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.B \-N 1,5\-7,last
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to process the 1st, 5th through 7th, and final image in the file.
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.TP
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.B \-E top|bottom|left|right
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Specify the top, bottom, left, or right edge as the reference from
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which to calcuate the width and length of crop regions or sequence
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of postions for zones. When used with the \-e option for exporting
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zones or regions, the reference edge determines how composite images
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are arranged. Using \-E left or right causes successive zones or
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regions to be merged horizontally whereas using \-E top or bottom
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causes successive zones or regions to be arranged vertically. This
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option has no effect on export layout when multiple zones or regions
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are not being exported to composite images. Edges may be abbreviated
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to the first letter.
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.TP
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.B \-e combined|divided|image|multiple|separate
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Specify the export mode for images and selections from input images.
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The final filename on the command line is considered to be the
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destination file or filename stem for automatically generated
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sequences of files. Modes may be abbreviated to the first letter.
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.IP
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combined All images and selections are written to a single file with
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multiple selections from one image combined into a single image (default)
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.IP
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divided All images and selections are written to a single file
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with each selection from one image written to a new image
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.IP
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image Each input image is written to a new file (numeric filename sequence)
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with multiple selections from the image combined into one image
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.IP
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multiple Each input image is written to a new file (numeric filename sequence)
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with each selection from the image written to a new image
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.IP
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separate Individual selections from each image are written to separate files
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.TP
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.B \-U in|cm|px
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Specify the type of units to apply to dimensions for margins and
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crop regions for input and output images. Inches or centimeters
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are converted to pixels using the resolution unit specified in the
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TIFF file (which defaults to inches if not specified in the IFD).
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.TP
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.B \-m #,#,#,#
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Specify margins to be removed from the input image. The order must
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be top, left, bottom, right with only commas separating the elements
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of the list. Margins are scaled according to the current units and
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removed before any other extractions are computed..
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.TP
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.B \-X #
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Set the horizontal (X\-axis) dimension of a region to extract relative to
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the specified origin reference. If the origin is the top or bottom
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edge, the X axis value will be assumed to start at the left edge.
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.TP
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.B \-Y #
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Set the vertical (Y\-axis) dimension of a region to extract relative to
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the specified origin reference. If the origin is the left or right
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edge, the Y axis value will be assumed to start at the top.
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.TP
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.B \-Z #:#,#:#
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Specify zones of the image designated as position X of Y equal sized portions
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measured from the reference edge, eg 1:3 would be first third of the
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image starting from the reference edge minus any margins specified
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for the confining edges. Multiple zones can be specified as a comma
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separated list but they must reference the same edge. To extract the
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top quarter and the bottom third of an image you would use
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.B \-Z 1:4,3:3.
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.TP
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.B \-z x1,y1,x2,y2: ... :xN,yN,xN+1,yN+1
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Specify a series of coordinates to define regions for processing and exporting.
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The coordinates represent the top left and lower right corners of each region
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in the current units, eg inch, cm, or pixels. Pixels are counted from one to
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width or height and inches or cm are calculated from image resolution data.
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Each colon delimited series of four values represents the horizontal and vertical
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offsets from the top and left edges of the image, regardless of the edge specified
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with the \-E option. The first and third values represent the horizontal offsets of
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the corner points from the left edge while the second and fourth values represent
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the vertical offsets from the top edge.
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.TP
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.B \-F horiz|vert
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Flip, ie mirror, the image or extracted region horizontally or vertically.
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.TP
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.B \-R 90|180|270
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Rotate the image or extracted region 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise.
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.TP
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.B \\-I [black|white|data|both]
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Invert color space, eg dark to light for bilevel and grayscale images.
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This can be used to modify negative images to positive or to correct
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images that have the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATIN tag set incorrectly.
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If the value is black or white, the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag is set to
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MinIsBlack or MinIsWhite, without altering the image data. If the argument
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is data or both, the data values of the image are modified. Specifying both
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inverts the data and the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag, whereas using data
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inverts the data but not the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag.
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No support for modifying the color space of color images in this release.
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.TP
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.B \-H #
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Set the horizontal resolution of output images to #
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expressed in the current units.
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.TP
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.B \-V #
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Set the vertical resolution of the output images to #
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expressed in the current units.
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.TP
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.B \-J #
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Set the horizontal margin of an output page size to #
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expressed in the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows
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subimages using the \-S cols:rows option.
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.TP
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.B \-K #
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Set the vertical margin of an output page size to #
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expressed in the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows
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submiages using the \-S cols:rows option.
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.TP
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.B \-O portrait|landscape|auto
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Set the output orientation of the pages or sections.
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Auto will use the arrangement that requires the fewest pages.
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This option is only meaningful in conjunction with the -P
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option to format an image to fit on a specific paper size.
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.TP
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.B \-P page
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Format the output images to fit on page size paper. Use
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\-P list to show the supported page sizes and dimensions.
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You can define a custom page size by entering the width and length of the
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page in the current units with the following format #.#x#.#.
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.TP
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.B \-S cols:rows
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Divide each image into cols across and rows down equal sections.
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.TP
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.B \-B
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Force output to be written with Big\-Endian byte order.
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This option only has an effect when the output file is created or
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overwritten and not when it is appended to.
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.TP
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.B \-C
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Suppress the use of ``strip chopping'' when reading images
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that have a single strip/tile of uncompressed data.
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.TP
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.B \-c
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Specify the compression to use for data written to the output file:
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.B none
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for no compression,
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.B packbits
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for PackBits compression,
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.B lzw
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for Lempel\-Ziv & Welch compression,
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.B jpeg
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for baseline JPEG compression.
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.B zip
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for Deflate compression,
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.B g3
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for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) compression,
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and
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.B g4
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for CCITT Group 4 (T.6) compression.
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By default
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.I tiffcrop
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will compress data according to the value of the
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.I Compression
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tag found in the source file.
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.IP
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The
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.SM CCITT
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Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can only
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be used with bilevel data.
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.IP
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Group 3 compression can be specified together with several
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T.4\-specific options:
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.B 1d
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for 1\-dimensional encoding,
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.B 2d
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for 2\-dimensional encoding,
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and
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.B fill
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to force each encoded scanline to be zero\-filled so that the
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terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary.
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Group 3\-specific options are specified by appending a ``:''\-separated
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list to the ``g3'' option; e.g.
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.B "\-c g3:2d:fill"
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to get 2D\-encoded data with byte\-aligned EOL codes.
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.IP
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.SM LZW
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compression can be specified together with a
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.I predictor
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value.
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A predictor value of 2 causes
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each scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal
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differencing before it is encoded; a value
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of 1 forces each scanline to be encoded without differencing.
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LZW\-specific options are specified by appending a ``:''\-separated
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list to the ``lzw'' option; e.g.
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.B "\-c lzw:2"
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for
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.SM LZW
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compression with horizontal differencing.
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.TP
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.B \-f
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Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output data.
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By default,
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.I tiffcrop
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will create a new file with the same fill order as the original.
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Specifying
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.B "\-f lsb2msb"
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will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to
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.SM LSB2MSB,
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while
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.B "\-f msb2lsb"
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will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to
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.SM MSB2LSB.
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.TP
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.B \-i
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Ignore non\-fatal read errors and continue processing of the input file.
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.TP
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.B \-l
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Specify the length of a tile (in pixels).
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.I Tiffcrop
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attempts to set the tile dimensions so
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that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
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.TP
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.B \-L
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Force output to be written with Little\-Endian byte order.
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This option only has an effect when the output file is created or
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overwritten and not when it is appended to.
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.TP
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.B \-M
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Suppress the use of memory\-mapped files when reading images.
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.TP
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.B \-p
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Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image data
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that has more than one sample per pixel.
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By default,
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.I tiffcrop
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will create a new file with the same planar configuration as
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the original.
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Specifying
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.B "\-p contig"
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will force data to be written with multi\-sample data packed
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together, while
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.B "\-p separate"
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will force samples to be written in separate planes.
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.TP
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.B \-r
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Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of data
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written to the output file.
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By default (or when value
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.B 0
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is specified),
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.I tiffcrop
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attempts to set the rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes of
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data appear in a strip. If you specify the special value
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.B \-1
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it will results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The entire image
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will be the one strip in that case.
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.TP
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.B \-s
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Force the output file to be written with data organized in strips
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(rather than tiles).
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.TP
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.B \-t
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Force the output file to be written with data organized in tiles
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(rather than strips).
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.TP
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.B \-w
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Specify the width of a tile (in pixels).
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.I tiffcrop
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attempts to set the tile dimensions so
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that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
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.I tiffcrop
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attempts to set the tile dimensions so
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that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
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.TP
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Debug and dump facility
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.B \-D opt1:value1,opt2:value2,opt3:value3:opt4:value4
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Display program progress and/or dump raw data to non\-TIFF files.
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Options include the following and must be joined as a comma
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separated list. The use of this option is generally limited to
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program debugging and development of future options. An equal sign
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may be substituted for the colon in option:value pairs.
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.IP
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debug:N Display limited program progress indicators where larger N
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increase the level of detail.
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.IP
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format:txt|raw Format any logged data as ASCII text or raw binary
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values. ASCII text dumps include strings of ones and zeroes representing
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the binary values in the image data plus identifying headers.
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.IP
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level:N Specify the level of detail presented in the dump files.
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This can vary from dumps of the entire input or output image data to dumps
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of data processed by specific functions. Current range of levels is 1 to 3.
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.IP
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input:full\-path\-to\-directory/input\-dumpname
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.IP
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output:full\-path\-to\-directory/output\-dumpname
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.IP
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When dump files are being written, each image will be written to a separate
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file with the name built by adding a numeric sequence value to the dumpname
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and an extension of .txt for ASCII dumps or .bin for binary dumps.
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The four debug/dump options are independent, though it makes little sense to
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specify a dump file without specifying a detail level.
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.IP
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Note: Tiffcrop may be compiled with -DDEVELMODE to enable additional very
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low level debug reporting.
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.SH "EXAMPLES"
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The following concatenates two files and writes the result using
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.SM LZW
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encoding:
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.RS
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.nf
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tiffcrop \-c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif
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.fi
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.RE
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.PP
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To convert a G3 1d\-encoded
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.SM TIFF
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to a single strip of G4\-encoded data the following might be used:
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.RS
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.nf
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tiffcrop \-c g4 \-r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
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.fi
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.RE
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(1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of rows in
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the source file.)
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To extract a selected set of images from a multi\-image TIFF file
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use the \-N option described above. Thus, to copy the 1st and 3rd
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images of image file "album.tif" to "result.tif":
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.RS
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.nf
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tiffcrop \-N 1,3 album.tif result.tif
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.fi
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.RE
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.PP
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Invert a bilevel image scan of a microfilmed document and crop off margins of
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0.25 inches on the left and right, 0.5 inch on the top, and 0.75 inch on the
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bottom. From the remaining portion of the image, select the second and third
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quarters, ie, one half of the area left from the center to each margin.
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.RS
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tiffcrop \-U in \-m 0.5,0.25,0.75,0.25 \-E left \-Z 2:4,3:4 \-I both MicrofilmNegative.tif MicrofilmPostiveCenter.tif
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.fi
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.RE
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.PP
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Extract only the final image of a large Architectural E sized
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multipage TIFF file and rotate it 90 degrees clockwise while
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reformatting the output to fit on tabloid sized sheets with one
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quarter of an inch on each side:
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.RS
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tiffcrop \-N last \-R 90 \-O auto \-P tabloid \-U in \-J 0.25 \-K 0.25 \-H 300 \-V 300 Big\-PlatMap.tif BigPlatMap\-Tabloid.tif
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.fi
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.RE
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The output images will have a specified resolution of 300 dpi in both
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directions. The orientation of each page will be determined by whichever
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choice requires the fewest pages. To specify a specific orientation, use
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the portrait or landscape option. The paper size option does not resample
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the image. It breaks each original image into a series of smaller images
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that will fit on the target paper size at the specified resolution.
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.fi
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.RE
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.PP
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Extract two regions 2048 pixels wide by 2048 pixels high from each page of
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a multi\-page input file and write each region to a separate output file.
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.RS
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tiffcrop \-U px \-z 1,1,2048,2048:1,2049,2048,4097 \-e separate CheckScans.tiff Check
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.fi
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.RE
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The output file names will use the stem Check with a numeric suffix which is
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incremented for each region of each image, eg Check\-001.tiff, Check\-002.tiff ...
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Check\-NNN.tiff. To produce a unique file for each page of the input image
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with one new image for each region of the input image on that page, change
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the export option to \-e multiple.
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.SH "NOTES"
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.PP
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In general, bilevel, grayscale, palette and RGB(A) data with bit depths
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from 1 to 32 bits should work in both interleaved and separate plane
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formats. Unlike tiffcp, tiffcrop can read and write tiled images with
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bits per sample that are not a multiple of 8 in both interleaved and
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separate planar format. Floating point data types are supported at
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bit depts of 16, 24, 32 and 64 bits per sample.
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.PP
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Not all images can be converted from one compression scheme to another.
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Data with some photometric interpretations and/or bit depths are tied to
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specific compression schemes and vice-versa, e.g. Group 3/4 compression
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is only usable for bilevel data. JPEG compression is only usable on 8
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bit per sample data (or 12 bit if
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.I LibTIFF
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was compiled with 12 bit JPEG support). Support for OJPEG compressed
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images is problematic at best. Since OJPEG compression is no longer
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supported for writing images with LibTIFF, these images will be updated
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|
to the newer JPEG compression when they are copied or processed. This
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|
may cause the image to appear color shifted or distorted after conversion.
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In some cases, it is possible to remove the original compression from
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image data using the option -cnone.
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.PP
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|
Tiffcrop does not currently provide options to up or downsample data to
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different bit depths or convert data from one photometric interpretation
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to another, e.g. 16 bits per sample to 8 bits per sample or RGB to grayscale.
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.PP
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Tiffcrop is very loosely derived from code in
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.I tiffcp
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with extensive modifications and additions to support the selection of input
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images and regions and the exporting of them to one or more output files in
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various groupings. The image manipulation routines are entirely new and
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additional ones may be added in the future. It will handle tiled images with
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bit depths that are not a multiple of eight that tiffcp may refuse to read.
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.PP
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.I Tiffcrop
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was designed to handle large files containing many moderate sized images
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with memory usage that is independent of the number of images in the file.
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In order to support compression modes that are not based on individual
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scanlines, e.g. JPEG, it now reads images by strip or tile rather than by
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indvidual scanlines. In addition to the memory required by the input and
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output buffers associated with
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.I LibTIFF
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one or more buffers at least as large as the largest image to be read are
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required. The design favors large volume document processing uses over
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scientific or graphical manipulation of large datasets as might be found
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|
in research or remote sensing scenarios.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR pal2rgb (1),
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.BR tiffinfo (1),
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.BR tiffcmp (1),
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.BR tiffcp (1),
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.BR tiffmedian (1),
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.BR tiffsplit (1),
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.BR libtiff (3TIFF)
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.PP
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Libtiff library home page:
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.BR http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/
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