libtiff/html/man/libtiff.3t.html
2003-11-27 15:07:01 +00:00

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<title>INTRO</title>
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<h1 align=center>INTRO</h1>
<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
<a href="#DATA TYPES">DATA TYPES</a><br>
<a href="#LIST OF ROUTINES">LIST OF ROUTINES</a><br>
<a href="#TAG USAGE">TAG USAGE</a><br>
<a href="#PSEUDO TAGS">PSEUDO TAGS</a><br>
<a href="#DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a><br>
<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
<a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a><br>
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<a name="NAME"></a>
<h2>NAME</h2>
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libtiff - introduction to <i>libtiff</i>, a library for reading and writing <small>TIFF</small> files</td></table>
<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
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<b>#include &lt;tiffio.h&gt;</b><br>
cc file.c <b>-ltiff</b></td></table>
<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<i>libtiff</i> is a library for reading and writing data
files encoded with the <i>Tag Image File</i> format,
Revision 6.0 (or revision 5.0 or revision 4.0). This file
format is suitable for archiving multi-color and
monochromatic image data.</td></table>
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The library supports several compression algorithms, as
indicated by the <i>Compression</i> field, including: no
compression (1), <small>CCITT</small> 1D Huffman compression
(2), <small>CCITT</small> Group 3 Facsimile compression (3),
<small>CCITT</small> Group 4 Facsimile compression (4),
Lempel-Ziv &amp; Welch compression (5), baseline JPEG
compression (7), word-aligned 1D Huffman compression
(32771), and PackBits compression (32773). In addition,
several nonstandard compression algorithms are supported:
the 4-bit compression algorithm used by the
<i>ThunderScan</i> program (32809) (decompression only),
NeXT's 2-bit compression algorithm (32766) (decompression
only), an experimental LZ-style algorithm known as Deflate
(32946), and an experimental CIE LogLuv compression scheme
designed for images with high dynamic range (32845 for LogL
and 32845 for LogLuv). Directory information may be in
either little- or big-endian byte order-byte swapping is
automatically done by the library. Data bit ordering may be
either Most Significant Bit ( <small>MSB</small> ) to Least
Significant Bit ( <small>LSB</small> ) or <small>LSB</small>
to <small>MSB.</small> Finally, the library does not support
files in which the <i>BitsPerSample</i>, <i>Compression</i>,
<i>MinSampleValue</i>, or <i>MaxSampleValue</i> fields are
defined differently on a per-sample basis (in Rev. 6.0 the
<i>Compression</i> tag is not defined on a per-sample basis,
so this is immaterial).</td></table>
<a name="DATA TYPES"></a>
<h2>DATA TYPES</h2>
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The library makes extensive use of C typedefs to promote
portability. Two sets of typedefs are used, one for
communication with clients of the library and one for
internal data structures and parsing of the
<small>TIFF</small> format. The following typedefs are
exposed to users either through function definitions or
through parameters passed through the varargs
interfaces.</td></table>
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<pre>typedef unsigned short uint16; 16-bit unsigned integer
typedef unsigned &lt;<i>thing</i>&gt; uint32; 32-bit unsigned integer
typedef unsigned int ttag_t; directory tag
typedef uint16 tdir_t; directory index
typedef uint16 tsample_t; sample number
typedef uint32 tstrip_t; strip number
typedef uint32 ttile_t; tile number
typedef int32 tsize_t; i/o size in bytes
typedef void* tdata_t; image data ref
typedef void* thandle_t; client data handle
typedef int32 toff_t; file offset
</pre></td></table>
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Note that <i>tstrip_t</i>, <i>ttile_t</i>, and
<i>tsize_t</i> are constrained to be no more than 32-bit
quantities by 32-bit fields they are stored in in the
<small>TIFF</small> image. Likewise <i>tsample_t</i> is
limited by the 16-bit field used to store the
<i>SamplesPerPixel</i> tag. <i>tdir_t</i> constrains the
maximum number of <small>IFDs</small> that may appear in an
image and may be an arbitrary size (w/o penalty).
<i>ttag_t</i> must be either int, unsigned int, pointer, or
double because the library uses a varargs interface and
<small>ANSI C</small> restricts the type of the parameter
before an ellipsis to be a promoted type. <i>toff_t</i> is
defined as int32 because TIFF file offsets are (unsigned)
32-bit quantities. A signed value is used because some
interfaces return -1 on error. Finally, note that
user-specified data references are passed as opaque handles
and only cast at the lowest layers where their type is
presumed.</td></table>
<a name="LIST OF ROUTINES"></a>
<h2>LIST OF ROUTINES</h2>
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The following routines are part of the library. Consult
specific manual pages for details on their operation. The
manual page names listed below are for systems where the
full function names can not be encoded in the filesystem; on
most systems doing ``man function-name'' will
work.</td></table>
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<pre>
<i>Name Appears on Page Description
</i>TIFFCheckpointDirectory writedir.3t writes the current state of the directory
TIFFCheckTile tile.3t very x,y,z,sample is within image
TIFFClientOpen open.3t open a file for reading or writing
TIFFClose close.3t close an open file
TIFFComputeStrip strip.3t return strip containing y,sample
TIFFComputeTile tile.3t return tile containing x,y,z,sample
TIFFCurrentDirectory query.3t return index of current directory
TIFFCurrentRow query.3t return index of current scanline
TIFFCurrentStrip query.3t return index of current strip
TIFFCurrentTile query.3t return index of current tile
TIFFDataWidth width.3t return the size of TIFF data types
TIFFError error.3t library error handler
TIFFFdOpen open.3t open a file for reading or writing
TIFFFileName query.3t return name of open file
TIFFFileno query.3t return open file descriptor
TIFFFindCODEC codec.3t find standard codec for the specific scheme
TIFFFlush flush.3t flush all pending writes
TIFFFlushData flush.3t flush pending data writes
TIFFGetBitRevTable swab.3t return bit reversal table
TIFFGetField getfield.3t return tag value in current directory
TIFFGetFieldDefaulted getfield.3t return tag value in current directory
TIFFGetMode query.3t return open file mode
TIFFGetVersion query.3t return library version string
TIFFIsCODECConfigured codec.3t check, whether we have working codec
TIFFIsTiled query.3t return true if image data is tiled
TIFFIsByteSwapped query.3t return true if image data is byte-swapped
TIFFNumberOfStrips strip.3t return number of strips in an image
TIFFNumberOfTiles tile.3t return number of tiles in an image
TIFFOpen open.3t open a file for reading or writing
TIFFPrintDirectory print.3t print description of the current directory
TIFFReadBufferSetup rdbuf.3t specify i/o buffer for reading
TIFFReadDirectory readdir.3t read the next directory
TIFFReadEncodedStrip rdestrip.3t read and decode a strip of data
TIFFReadEncodedTile rdetile.3t read and decode a tile of data
TIFFReadRawStrip rdrstrip.3t read a raw strip of data
TIFFReadRawTile rdrtile.3t read a raw tile of data
TIFFReadRGBAImage rdimage.3t read an image into a fixed format raster
TIFFReadScanline readline.3t read and decode a row of data
TIFFReadTile readtile.3t read and decode a tile of data
TIFFRegisterCODEC codec.3t override standard codec for the specific scheme
TIFFReverseBits swab.3t reverse bits in an array of bytes
TIFFRGBAImageBegin rgbaimage.3t setup decoder state for TIFFRGBAImageGet
TIFFRGBAImageEnd rgbaimage.3t release TIFFRGBAImage decoder state
TIFFRGBAImageGet rgbaimage.3t read and decode an image
TIFFRGBAImageOK rgbaimage.3t is image readable by TIFFRGBAImageGet
TIFFScanlineSize size.3t return size of a scanline
TIFFSetDirectory setdir.3t set the current directory
TIFFSetSubDirectory setdir.3t set the current directory
TIFFSetErrorHandler error.3t set error handler function
TIFFSetField setfield.3t set a tag's value in the current directory
TIFFSetWarningHandler error.3t set warning handler function
TIFFStripSize strip.3t returns size of a strip
TIFFRawStripSize strip.3t returns the number of bytes in a raw strip
TIFFSwabShort swab.3t swap bytes of short
TIFFSwabLong swab.3t swap bytes of long
TIFFSwabArrayOfShort swab.3t swap bytes of an array of shorts
TIFFSwabArrayOfLong swab.3t swap bytes of an array of longs
TIFFTileRowSize size.3t return size of a row in a tile
TIFFTileSize size.3t return size of a tile
TIFFUnRegisterCODEC codec.3t unregisters the codec
TIFFVGetField getfield.3t return tag value in current directory
TIFFVGetFieldDefaulted getfield.3t return tag value in current directory
TIFFVSetField setfield.3t set a tag's value in the current directory
TIFFVStripSize strip.3t returns the number of bytes in a strip
TIFFWarning warning.3t library warning handler
TIFFWriteDirectory writedir.3t write the current directory
TIFFWriteEncodedStrip wrestrip.3t compress and write a strip of data
TIFFWriteEncodedTile wretile.3t compress and write a tile of data
TIFFWriteRawStrip wrrstrip.3t write a raw strip of data
TIFFWriteRawTile wrrtile.3t write a raw tile of data
TIFFWriteScanline writeline.3t write a scanline of data
TIFFWriteTile wrrtile.3t compress and write a tile of data
</pre></td></table>
<a name="TAG USAGE"></a>
<h2>TAG USAGE</h2>
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The table below lists the <small>TIFF</small> tags that are
recognized and handled by the library. If no use is
indicated in the table, then the library reads and writes
the tag, but does not use it internally. Note that some tags
are meaningful only when a particular compression scheme is
being used; e.g. <i>Group3Options</i> is only useful if
<i>Compression</i> is set to <small>CCITT</small> Group 3
encoding. Tags of this sort are considered
<i>codec-specific</i> tags and the library does not
recognize them except when the <i>Compression</i> tag has
been previously set to the relevant compression
scheme.</td></table>
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<pre>
<i>Tag Name Value R/W Library Use/Notes
</i>Artist 315 R/W
BadFaxLines 326 R/W
BitsPerSample 258 R/W lots
CellLength 265 parsed but ignored
CellWidth 264 parsed but ignored
CleanFaxData 327 R/W
ColorMap 320 R/W
ColorResponseUnit 300 parsed but ignored
Compression 259 R/W choosing codec
ConsecutiveBadFaxLines 328 R/W
Copyright 33432 R/W
DataType 32996 R obsoleted by SampleFormat tag
DateTime 306 R/W
DocumentName 269 R/W
DotRange 336 R/W
ExtraSamples 338 R/W lots
FaxRecvParams 34908 R/W
FaxSubAddress 34909 R/W
FaxRecvTime 34910 R/W
FillOrder 266 R/W control bit order
FreeByteCounts 289 parsed but ignored
FreeOffsets 288 parsed but ignored
GrayResponseCurve 291 parsed but ignored
GrayResponseUnit 290 parsed but ignored
Group3Options 292 R/W used by Group 3 codec
Group4Options 293 R/W
HostComputer 316 R/W
ImageDepth 32997 R/W tile/strip calculations
ImageDescription 270 R/W
ImageLength 257 R/W lots
ImageWidth 256 R/W lots
InkNames 333 R/W
InkSet 332 R/W
JPEGTables 347 R/W used by JPEG codec
Make 271 R/W
Matteing 32995 R obsoleted by ExtraSamples tag
MaxSampleValue 281 R/W
MinSampleValue 280 R/W
Model 272 R/W
NewSubFileType 254 R/W called SubFileType in spec
NumberOfInks 334 R/W
Orientation 274 R/W
PageName 285 R/W
PageNumber 297 R/W
PhotometricInterpretation 262 R/Wused by Group 3 and JPEG codecs
PlanarConfiguration 284 R/W data i/o
Predictor 317 R/W used by LZW and Deflate codecs
PrimaryChromacities 319 R/W
ReferenceBlackWhite 532 R/W
ResolutionUnit 296 R/W used by Group 3 codec
RowsPerStrip 278 R/W data i/o
SampleFormat 339 R/W
SamplesPerPixel 277 R/W lots
SMinSampleValue 340 R/W
SMaxSampleValue 341 R/W
Software 305 R/W
StoNits 37439 R/W
StripByteCounts 279 R/W data i/o
StripOffsets 273 R/W data i/o
SubFileType 255 R/W called OSubFileType in spec
TargetPrinter 337 R/W
Thresholding 263 R/W
TileByteCounts 324 R/W data i/o
TileDepth 32998 R/W tile/strip calculations
TileLength 323 R/W data i/o
TileOffsets 324 R/W data i/o
TileWidth 322 R/W data i/o
TransferFunction 301 R/W
WhitePoint 318 R/W
XPosition 286 R/W
XResolution 282 R/W
YCbCrCoefficients 529 R/W used by TIFFRGBAImage support
YCbCrPositioning 531 R/W tile/strip size calulcations
YCbCrSubsampling 530 R/W
YPosition 286 R/W
YResolution 283 R/W used by Group 3 codec
</pre></td></table>
<a name="PSEUDO TAGS"></a>
<h2>PSEUDO TAGS</h2>
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In addition to the normal <small>TIFF</small> tags the
library supports a collection of tags whose values lie in a
range outside the valid range of <small>TIFF</small> tags.
These tags are termed <i>pseud-tags</i> and are used to
control various codec-specific functions within the library.
The table below summarizes the defined
pseudo-tags.</td></table>
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<pre>
<i>Tag Name Codec R/W Library Use/Notes
</i>TIFFTAG_FAXMODE G3 R/W general codec operation
TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC G3/G4 R/W bitmap fill function
TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY JPEG R/W compression quality control
TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE JPEG R/W control colorspace conversions
TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE JPEG R/W control contents of <i>JPEGTables</i> tag
TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY Deflate R/Wcompression quality level
TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT PixarLog R/Wuser data format
TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY PixarLog R/Wcompression quality level
TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT SGILog R/W user data format
</pre><b>TIFFTAG_FAXMODE</b></td></table>
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Control the operation of the Group 3 codec. Possible values
(independent bits that can be combined by or'ing them
together) are: FAXMODE_CLASSIC (enable old-style format in
which the <small>RTC</small> is written at the end of the
last strip), FAXMODE_NORTC (opposite of FAXMODE_CLASSIC;
also called FAXMODE_CLASSF), FAXMODE_NOEOL (do not write
<small>EOL</small> codes at the start of each row of data),
FAXMODE_BYTEALIGN (align each encoded row to an 8-bit
boundary), FAXMODE_WORDALIGN (align each encoded row to an
16-bit boundary), The default value is dependent on the
compression scheme; this pseudo-tag is used by the various
G3 and G4 codecs to share code.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC</b></td></table>
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Control the function used to convert arrays of black and
white runs to packed bit arrays. This hook can be used to
image decoded scanlines in multi-bit depth rasters (e.g. for
display in colormap mode) or for other purposes. The default
value is a pointer to a builtin function that images packed
bilevel data.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_IPTCNEWSPHOTO</b></td></table>
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Tag contaings image metadata per the IPTC newsphoto spec:
Headline, captioning, credit, etc... Used by most wire
services.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP</b></td></table>
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Tag contains Photoshop captioning information and metadata.
Photoshop uses in parallel and redundantly alongside
IPTCNEWSPHOTO information.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY</b></td></table>
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Control the compression quality level used in the baseline
algorithm. Note that quality levels are in the range 0-100
with a default value of 75.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE</b></td></table>
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Control whether or not conversion is done between RGB and
YCbCr colorspaces. Possible values are: JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW
(do not convert), and JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB (convert to/from
RGB) The default value is JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE</b></td></table>
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Control the information written in the <i>JPEGTables</i>
tag. Possible values (independent bits that can be combined
by or'ing them together) are: JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT (include
quantization tables), and JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF (include
Huffman encoding tables). The default value is
JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT|JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY</b></td></table>
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Control the compression technique used by the Deflate codec.
Quality levels are in the range 1-9 with larger numbers
yielding better compression at the cost of more computation.
The default quality level is 6 which yields a good
time-space tradeoff.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT</b></td></table>
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Control the format of user data passed <i>in</i> to the
PixarLog codec when encoding and passed <i>out</i> from when
decoding. Possible values are: PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BIT for
8-bit unsigned pixels, PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BITABGR for 8-bit
unsigned ABGR-ordered pixels, PIXARLOGDATAFMT_11BITLOG for
11-bit log-encoded raw data, PIXARLOGDATAFMT_12BITPICIO for
12-bit PICIO-compatible data, PIXARLOGDATAFMT_16BIT for
16-bit signed samples, and PIXARLOGDATAFMT_FLOAT for 32-bit
IEEE floating point samples.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY</b></td></table>
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Control the compression technique used by the PixarLog
codec. This value is treated identically to
TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY; see the above description.</td></table>
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<b>TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT</b></td></table>
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Control the format of client data passed <i>in</i> to the
SGILog codec when encoding and passed <i>out</i> from when
decoding. Possible values are: SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTXYZ for
converting between LogLuv and 32-bit IEEE floating valued
XYZ pixels, SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITLUV for 16-bit encoded Luv
pixels, SGILOGDATAFMT_32BITRAW and SGILOGDATAFMT_24BITRAW
for no conversion of data, SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITRGB for
returning 8-bit RGB data (valid only when decoding
LogLuv-encoded data), SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTY for converting
between LogL and 32-bit IEEE floating valued Y pixels,
SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITL for 16-bit encoded L pixels, and
SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITGRY for returning 8-bit greyscale data
(valid only when decoding LogL-encoded data).</td></table>
<a name="DIAGNOSTICS"></a>
<h2>DIAGNOSTICS</h2>
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All error messages are directed through the <i>TIFFError</i>
routine. By default messages are directed to <b>stderr</b>
in the form: <i>module: messagen.</i> Warning messages are
likewise directed through the <i>TIFFWarning</i>
routine.</td></table>
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
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<i>fax2tiff</i>(1), <i>gif2tiff</i>(1), <i>pal2rgb</i>(1),
<i>ppm2tiff</i>(1), <i>rgb2ycbcr</i>(1), <i>ras2tiff</i>(1),
<i>raw2tiff</i>(1), <i>sgi2tiff</i>(1), <i>tiff2bw</i>(1),
<i>tiffdither</i>(1), <i>tiffdump</i>(1), <i>tiffcp</i>(1),
<i>tiffcmp</i>(1), <i>tiffgt</i>(1), <i>tiffinfo</i>(1),
<i>tiffmedian</i>(1), <i>tiffsplit</i>(1),
<i>tiffsv</i>(1),</td></table>
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<i>Tag Image File Format Specification -- Revision 6.0</i>,
an Aldus Technical Memorandum.</td></table>
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<i>The Spirit of TIFF Class F</i>, an appendix to the TIFF
5.0 specification prepared by Cygnet
Technologies.</td></table>
<a name="BUGS"></a>
<h2>BUGS</h2>
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The library does not support multi-sample images where some
samples have different bits/sample.</td></table>
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The library does not support random access to compressed
data that is organized with more than one row per tile or
strip. The library discards unknown tags. The library should
do more validity checking of a directory's
contents.</td></table>
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