libtiff/tools/tiffcrop.c

/* $Id: tiffcrop.c,v 1.5 2007-04-18 08:46:33 dron Exp $ */

/* tiffcrop.c -- a port of tiffcp.c extended to include cropping of selections
 *
 * Original code:
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Sam Leffler
 * Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and 
 * its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
 * that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in
 * all copies of the software and related documentation, and (ii) the names of
 * Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any advertising or
 * publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written
 * permission of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS-IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, 
 * EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY 
 * WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  
 * 
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL SAM LEFFLER OR SILICON GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND,
 * OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
 * WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF 
 * LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE 
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Richard Nolde  Updated 2/2007 Add support for the options below to extract 
 * sections of image(s) and to modify the whole image or selected portion
 * with rotations, mirroring, and colorscale/colormap inversion of selected
 * types of TIFF images when appropriate
 *
 * Options: 
 * -U units     [in, cm, px ] inches, centimeters or pixels
 * -H #         set horizontal resolution of output images to #
 * -V #         set vertical resolution of output images to #
 * -J #         set horizontal margin of output page to # expressed in current
 *              units
 * -K #         set vertical margin of output page to # expressed in current
 *              units
 * -X #         horizontal dimension of region to extract expressed in current
 *              units
 * -Y #         vertical dimension of region to extract expressed in current
 *              units
 * -O orient    orientation for output image, portrait, landscape, auto
 * -P page      page size for output image segments, eg letter, legal, tabloid,
 *              etc.
 * -S cols:rows divide the image into equal sized segments using cols across
 *              and rows down
 * -E t|l|r|b   edge to use as origin
 * -m #,#,#,#   margins from edges for selection: top, left, bottom, right
 *              (commas separated)
 * -Z #:#,#:#   zones of the image designated as zone X of Y, 
 *              eg 1:3 would be first of three equal portions measured
 *              from reference edge
 * -N odd|even|#,#-#,#|last sequences and ranges of images within file
 *              to process the words odd or even may be used to specify
 *              all odd or even numbered images the word last may be used
 *              in place of a number in the sequence to indicate the final
 *              image in the file without knowing how many images there are
 * -R #         rotate image or crop selection by 90,180,or 270 degrees
 *              clockwise  
 * -F h|v       flip (mirror) image or crop selection horizontally
 *              or vertically
 * -I           invert the colormap, black to white, for bilevel and grayscale
 *              images
 */

#include "tif_config.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <assert.h>

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
# include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_GETOPT
extern int getopt(int, char**, char*);
#endif

#include "tiffio.h"

#if defined(VMS)
# define unlink delete
#endif

#define	streq(a,b)	(strcmp((a),(b)) == 0)
#define	strneq(a,b,n)	(strncmp((a),(b),(n)) == 0)

/* NB: the uint32 casts are to silence certain ANSI-C compilers */
#define TIFFhowmany(x, y) ((((uint32)(x))+(((uint32)(y))-1))/((uint32)(y)))
#define TIFFhowmany8(x) (((x)&0x07)?((uint32)(x)>>3)+1:(uint32)(x)>>3)

#define	TRUE	1
#define	FALSE	0

/*
 * Definitions and data structures required to support cropping and inmage
 * manipulations.
 */

#define EDGE_TOP      1
#define EDGE_LEFT     2
#define EDGE_BOTTOM   3
#define EDGE_RIGHT    4

#define MIRROR_HORIZ  1
#define MIRROR_VERT   2

#define CROP_NONE     0
#define CROP_MARGINS  1
#define CROP_WIDTH    2
#define CROP_LENGTH   4
#define CROP_ZONES    8
#define CROP_ROTATE  16
#define CROP_MIRROR  32
#define CROP_INVERT  64

#define STRIP    1
#define TILE     2

#define MAX_ZONES    32  /* number of sections to extract from a single page */
#define MAX_SECTIONS 64  /* number of sections from one page to write to output */
#define MAX_IMAGES  256  /* number of images in descrete list */

/* Offsets into buffer for margins and fixed width and length */
struct offset {
  uint32  tmargin;
  uint32  lmargin;
  uint32  bmargin;
  uint32  rmargin;
  uint32  crop_width;
  uint32  crop_length;
  uint32  startx;
  uint32  endx;
  uint32  starty;
  uint32  endy;
};

/* Description of a zone within the image. Position 1 of 3 zones would be 
 * the first third of the image. These are computed after margins and 
 * width/length requests are applied so that you can extract multiple 
 * zones from within a larger region for OCR or barcode recognition.
 */
struct  pageseg {
  uint32 x1;        /* index of left edge */
  uint32 x2;        /* index of right edge */
  uint32 y1;        /* index of top edge */
  uint32 y2;        /* index of bottom edge */
  uint32 buffsize;  /* size of buffer needed to hold the cropped region */
  int    position;  /* ordinal of segment to be extracted */
  int    total;     /* total equal sized divisions of crop area */
};

/* Cropping parameters from command line and image data */
struct crop_mask {
  double width;           /* Selection width for master crop region in requested units */
  double length;          /* Selection length for master crop region in requesed units */
  double margins[4];      /* Top, left, bottom, right margins */
  float  xres;            /* Horizontal resolution read from image*/
  float  yres;            /* Vertical resolution read from image */
  uint32 combined_width;  /* Width of combined cropped zones */
  uint32 combined_length; /* Length of combined cropped zones */
  uint32 bufftotal;       /* size of buffer needed to hold all the cropped region */
  uint32 zones;           /* Number of zones requested */
  uint16 crop_mode;       /* Crop options to be applied */
  uint16 res_unit;        /* Resolution unit for margins and selections */
  uint16 edge_ref;        /* Reference edge from which zones are calculated */
  uint16 rotation;        /* Clockwise rotation of the extracted region or image */
  uint16 mirror;          /* Mirror extracted region or image horizontally or vertically */
  uint16 invert;          /* Invert the color map of image or region */
  struct pageseg zonelist[MAX_ZONES]; /* Zones within page or master crop region */
};

#define MAX_PAPERNAMES 49
#define MAX_PAPERNAME_LENGTH 15
#define DEFAULT_RESUNIT      RESUNIT_INCH
#define DEFAULT_PAGE_HEIGHT   14.0
#define DEFAULT_PAGE_WIDTH     8.5
#define DEFAULT_RESOLUTION   300
#define DEFAULT_PAPER_SIZE  "legal"

#define ORIENTATION_NONE       0
#define ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT   1
#define ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE  2
#define ORIENTATION_SEASCAPE   4
#define ORIENTATION_AUTO      16

#define PAGE_MODE_NONE         0
#define PAGE_MODE_RESOLUTION   1
#define PAGE_MODE_PAPERSIZE    2
#define PAGE_MODE_MARGINS      4
#define PAGE_MODE_ROWSCOLS     8


struct paperdef {
  char   name[MAX_PAPERNAME_LENGTH];
  double width;
  double length;
  double asratio;
  };

/* Paper Size       Width   Length  Aspect Ratio */
struct paperdef PaperTable[MAX_PAPERNAMES] = {
  {"default",         8.500,  14.000,  0.607},
  {"pa4",             8.264,  11.000,  0.751},
  {"letter",          8.500,  11.000,  0.773},
  {"legal",           8.500,  14.000,  0.607},
  {"half-letter",     8.500,   5.514,  1.542},
  {"executive",       7.264,  10.528,  0.690},
  {"tabloid",        11.000,  17.000,  0.647},
  {"11x17",          11.000,  17.000,  0.647},
  {"ledger",         17.000,  11.000,  1.545},
  {"archa",           9.000,  12.000,  0.750},
  {"archb",          12.000,  18.000,  0.667},
  {"archc",          18.000,  24.000,  0.750},
  {"archd",          24.000,  36.000,  0.667},
  {"arche",          36.000,  48.000,  0.750},
  {"csheet",         17.000,  22.000,  0.773},
  {"dsheet",         22.000,  34.000,  0.647},
  {"esheet",         34.000,  44.000,  0.773},
  {"superb",         11.708,  17.042,  0.687},
  {"commercial",      4.139,   9.528,  0.434},
  {"monarch",         3.889,   7.528,  0.517},
  {"envelope-dl",     4.333,   8.681,  0.499},
  {"envelope-c5",     6.389,   9.028,  0.708},
  {"europostcard",    4.139,   5.833,  0.710},
  {"a0",             33.111,  46.806,  0.707},
  {"a1",             23.389,  33.111,  0.706},
  {"a2",             16.542,  23.389,  0.707},
  {"a3",             11.694,  16.542,  0.707},
  {"a4",              8.264,  11.694,  0.707},
  {"a5",              5.833,   8.264,  0.706},
  {"a6",              4.125,   5.833,  0.707},
  {"a7",              2.917,   4.125,  0.707},
  {"a8",              2.056,   2.917,  0.705},
  {"a9",              1.458,   2.056,  0.709},
  {"a10",             1.014,   1.458,  0.695},
  {"b0",             39.375,  55.667,  0.707},
  {"b1",             27.833,  39.375,  0.707},
  {"b2",             19.681,  27.833,  0.707},
  {"b3",             13.903,  19.681,  0.706},
  {"b4",              9.847,  13.903,  0.708},
  {"b5",              6.931,   9.847,  0.704},
  {"b6",              4.917,   6.931,  0.709},
  {"c0",             36.097,  51.069,  0.707},
  {"c1",             25.514,  36.097,  0.707},
  {"c2",             18.028,  25.514,  0.707},
  {"c3",             12.750,  18.028,  0.707},
  {"c4",              9.014,  12.750,  0.707},
  {"c5",              6.375,   9.014,  0.707},
  {"c6",              4.486,   6.375,  0.704},
  {"",                0.000,   0.000,  1.000},
};

/* Structure to define in input image parameters */
struct image_data {
  float  xres;
  float  yres;
  uint32 width;
  uint32 length;
  uint16 res_unit;
  uint16 bps;
  uint16 spp;
  uint16 planar;
  uint16 photometric;
};

/* Structure to define the output image modifiers */
struct pagedef {
  char          name[16];
  double        width;    /* width in pixels */
  double        length;   /* length in pixels */
  double        hmargin;  /* margins to subtract from width of sections */
  double        vmargin;  /* margins to subtract from height of sections */
  double        hres;     /* horizontal resolution for output */
  double        vres;     /* vertical resolution for output */
  uint32        mode;     /* bitmask of modifiers to page format */
  uint16        res_unit; /* resolution unit for output image */
  unsigned int  rows;     /* number of section rows */
  unsigned int  cols;     /* number of section cols */
  unsigned int  orient;   /* portrait, landscape, seascape, auto */
};

static  int outtiled = -1;
static  uint32 tilewidth;
static  uint32 tilelength;

static	uint16 config;
static	uint16 compression;
static	uint16 predictor;
static	uint16 fillorder;
static	uint16 orientation;
static	uint32 rowsperstrip;
static	uint32 g3opts;
static	int ignore = FALSE;		/* if true, ignore read errors */
static	uint32 defg3opts = (uint32) -1;
static	int quality = 75;		/* JPEG quality */
static	int jpegcolormode = JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB;
static	uint16 defcompression = (uint16) -1;
static	uint16 defpredictor = (uint16) -1;

static	int processCompressOptions(char*);
static	void usage(void);

/* New functions by Richard Nolde  not found in tiffcp */
static  void initImageData (struct image_data *);
static  void initCropMasks (struct crop_mask *);
static  void initPageSetup (struct pagedef *, struct pageseg *);
static  int  get_page_geometry (char *, struct pagedef*);
static  int  computeInputPixelOffsets(struct crop_mask *, struct image_data *, 
                                      struct offset *);
static  int  computeOutputPixelOffsets (struct crop_mask *, struct image_data *,
					struct pagedef *, struct pageseg *);
static  int  loadImage(TIFF *, struct image_data *, unsigned char **);
static  int  getCropOffsets(struct image_data *, struct crop_mask *);
static  int  extractCropRegions(TIFF *, struct crop_mask *,
				unsigned char *, unsigned char *);
static  int  createCroppedImage(TIFF*, struct image_data *, struct crop_mask *, 
                               unsigned char **, unsigned char **);
static  int  rotateImage(uint16, struct image_data *, uint32 *, uint32 *,
			 unsigned char **);
static  int  mirrorImage(uint16, uint16, uint16, uint32, uint32,
			 unsigned char *);
static  int  invertImage(uint16, uint16, uint16, uint32, uint32,
			 unsigned char *);
static  int  writeCroppedImage(TIFF *, TIFF *, struct crop_mask *,
			       unsigned char *);
static  int  createImageSection(uint32, unsigned char **);
static  int  extractImageSection(struct image_data *, struct pageseg *, 
                                 unsigned char *, unsigned char *);
static  int  writeSingleSection(TIFF *, TIFF *, uint32, uint32,
				double, double, unsigned char *);
static  int  writeImageSections(TIFF *, TIFF *, struct image_data *,
				struct pagedef *, struct pageseg *,
				unsigned char *, unsigned char **);
static int   pageNum = 0;

int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
  {
  uint16 defconfig = (uint16) -1;
  uint16 deffillorder = 0;
  uint32 deftilewidth = (uint32) -1;
  uint32 deftilelength = (uint32) -1;
  uint32 defrowsperstrip = (uint32) 0;
  uint32 dirnum = 0;

  TIFF* in = NULL;
  TIFF* out = NULL;
  char mode[10];
  char* mp = mode;
  int c;

  /** RJN additions **/
  struct image_data   image;     /* Image parameters for one image */
  struct crop_mask    crop_data; /* Cropping parameters for all images */
  struct pagedef      page;      /* Page definition for output pages */
  struct pageseg sections[MAX_SECTIONS]; /* Sections of one output page */
  unsigned char *read_buff    = NULL;      /* Input image data buffer */
  unsigned char *crop_buff    = NULL;      /* Crop area buffer */
  unsigned char *sect_buff    = NULL;      /* Image section buffer */
  unsigned char *sect_src     = NULL;      /* Image section buffer pointer */
  char *opt_offset   = NULL;    /* Position in string of value sought */
  char *opt_ptr      = NULL;    /* Pointer to next token in option set */
  char *sep          = NULL;    /* Pointer to a token separator */
  unsigned int  i, j, start, end;
  unsigned int  image_count = 0;
  unsigned int  next_image  = 0;
  unsigned int  imagelist[MAX_IMAGES + 1]; /* individually specified images */

  extern int optind;
  extern char* optarg;

  initImageData(&image);
  initCropMasks(&crop_data);
  initPageSetup(&page, sections);

  *mp++ = 'w';
  *mp = '\0';
  while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ac:d:f:il:m:p:r:st:w:BCE:F:H:IJ:K:LMN:O:P:R:S:U:V:X:Y:Z:")) != -1)
    switch (c) {
      case 'a': mode[0] = 'a'; 	/* append to output */
		break;
      case 'c':	if (!processCompressOptions(optarg)) 	/* compression scheme */
		   usage();
		break;
      case 'd':	dirnum = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0); /* initial directory offset */
		break;
      case 'f':	if (streq(optarg, "lsb2msb"))	   /* fill order */
		  deffillorder = FILLORDER_LSB2MSB;
		else if (streq(optarg, "msb2lsb"))
		  deffillorder = FILLORDER_MSB2LSB;
		else
		  usage();
		break;
      case 'i':	ignore = TRUE; 		/* ignore errors */
		break;
      case 'l':	outtiled = TRUE;	 /* tile length */
		deftilelength = atoi(optarg);
		break;
      case 'p': /* planar configuration */
		if (streq(optarg, "separate"))
		  defconfig = PLANARCONFIG_SEPARATE;
		else if (streq(optarg, "contig"))
		  defconfig = PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG;
		else
		  usage();
		break;
      case 'r':	/* rows/strip */
		defrowsperstrip = atol(optarg);
		break;
      case 's':	/* generate stripped output */
		outtiled = FALSE;
		break;
      case 't':	/* generate tiled output */
		outtiled = TRUE;
		break;
      case 'w':	/* tile width */
		outtiled = TRUE;
		deftilewidth = atoi(optarg);
		break;
      /* options for file open modes */
      case 'B': *mp++ = 'b'; *mp = '\0';
		break;
      case 'L': *mp++ = 'l'; *mp = '\0';
		break;
      case 'M': *mp++ = 'm'; *mp = '\0';
		break;
      case 'C': *mp++ = 'c'; *mp = '\0';
		break;
      /* image manipulation routine options */
      case 'm': /* margins to exclude from selection, uppercase M was already used */
		/* order of values must be TOP, LEFT, BOTTOM, RIGHT */
		crop_data.crop_mode |= CROP_MARGINS;
                for (i = 0, opt_ptr = strtok (optarg, ",:");
                    ((opt_ptr != NULL) &&  (i < 4));
                     (opt_ptr = strtok (NULL, ",:")), i++)
                    {
		    crop_data.margins[i] = atof(opt_ptr);
                    }
		break;
      case 'D':	/* down sample */
		fprintf (stderr, "Down sampling not yet implemented\n");
		break;
      case 'E':	/* edge reference */
		switch (tolower(optarg[0]))
                  {
		  case 't': crop_data.edge_ref = EDGE_TOP;
                            break;
                  case 'b': crop_data.edge_ref = EDGE_BOTTOM;
                             break;
                  case 'l': crop_data.edge_ref = EDGE_LEFT;
                            break;
                  case 'r': crop_data.edge_ref = EDGE_RIGHT;
                            break;
		  default:  fprintf (stderr, "Edge reference must be top, bottom, left, or right.\n");
			    usage();
		  }
	        break;
      case 'F': /* flip eg mirror image or cropped segment, M was already used */
		crop_data.crop_mode |= CROP_MIRROR;
		switch (tolower(optarg[0]))
                  {
		  case  'h': crop_data.mirror = MIRROR_HORIZ;
                             break;
                  case  'v': crop_data.mirror = MIRROR_VERT;
                             break;
		  default:   fprintf (stderr, "Flip mode must be h or v.\n");
	                     usage();
		  }
		break;
      case 'H': /* set horizontal resolution to new value */
		page.hres = atof (optarg);
                page.mode |= PAGE_MODE_RESOLUTION;
		break;
      case 'I': /* invert the color space, eg black to white */
		crop_data.crop_mode |= CROP_INVERT;
		break;
      case 'J': /* horizontal margin for sectioned ouput pages */ 
		page.hmargin = atof(optarg);
                page.mode |= PAGE_MODE_MARGINS;
		break;
      case 'K': /* vertical margin for sectioned ouput pages*/ 
                page.vmargin = atof(optarg);
                page.mode |= PAGE_MODE_MARGINS;
		break;
      case 'N':	/* list of images to process */
                for (i = 0, opt_ptr = strtok (optarg, ",");
                    ((opt_ptr != NULL) &&  (i < MAX_IMAGES));
                     (opt_ptr = strtok (NULL, ",")))
                     { /* We do not know how many images are in file yet 
			* so we build a list to include the maximum allowed
                        * and follow it until we hit the end of the file
                        */
		     if (streq(opt_ptr, "odd"))
                       {
		       for (j = 1; j <= MAX_IMAGES; j += 2)
			 imagelist[i++] = j;
                         image_count = (MAX_IMAGES - 1) / 2;
                         break;
		       }
		     else
                       {
		       if (streq(opt_ptr, "even"))
                         {
			 for (j = 2; j <= MAX_IMAGES; j += 2)
			   imagelist[i++] = j;
                           image_count = MAX_IMAGES / 2;
                           break;
		         }
		       else
                         {
 			 if (streq(opt_ptr, "last"))
			   imagelist[i++] = MAX_IMAGES;
			 else  /* single value between commas */
			   {
			   sep = strpbrk(opt_ptr, ":-");
			   if (!sep)
			     imagelist[i++] = atoi(opt_ptr);
                           else
                             {
			     *sep = '\0';
                             start = atoi (opt_ptr);
                             if (!strcmp((sep + 1), "last"))
			       end = MAX_IMAGES;
                             else
                               end = atoi (sep + 1);
                             for (j = start; j <= end && j - start + i < MAX_IMAGES; j++)
			       imagelist[i++] = j;
			     }
			   }
		         }
		      }
		    }
                 image_count = i;
		 break;
      case 'O': /* page orientation */ 
		switch (tolower(optarg[0]))
                  {
		  case  'a': page.orient = ORIENTATION_AUTO;
                             break;
		  case  'p': page.orient = ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT;
                             break;
		  case  'l': page.orient = ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE;
                             break;
		  default:  fprintf (stderr, 
                            "Orientation must be portrait, landscape, or auto.\n\n");
			    usage();
		  }
		break;
      case 'P': /* page size selection */ 
                if (get_page_geometry (optarg, &page))
                  {
		  if (!strcmp(optarg, "list"))
                    {
		    fprintf (stderr, "Name            Width   Length (in inches)\n");
                    for (i = 0; i < MAX_PAPERNAMES - 1; i++)
                      fprintf (stderr, "%-15.15s %5.2f   %5.2f%s", 
			       PaperTable[i].name, PaperTable[i].width, 
                               PaperTable[i].length, i % 2 ? "       " : "\n");
                    fprintf (stderr, "\n\n");
		    exit (-1);                   
                    }
     
		  fprintf (stderr, "Invalid papersize %s\n\n", optarg);
                  fprintf (stderr, "Select one of:\n");
                  for (i = 0; i < MAX_PAPERNAMES; i++)
                    fprintf (stderr, "%-15.15s%s", PaperTable[i].name, i % 5 ? "  " : "\n");
                  fprintf (stderr, "\n\n");
		  exit (-1);
		  }
		else
                  {
                  page.mode |= PAGE_MODE_PAPERSIZE;
		  }
		break;
      case 'R': /* rotate image or cropped segment */
		crop_data.crop_mode |= CROP_ROTATE;
		switch (strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0))
                  {
		  case  90:  crop_data.rotation = (uint16)90;
                             break;
                  case  180: crop_data.rotation = (uint16)180;
                             break;
                  case  270: crop_data.rotation = (uint16)270;
                             break;
		  default:  fprintf (stderr,
                            "Rotation must be 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise.\n\n");
			    usage();
		  }
		break;
      case 'S':	/* subdivide into Cols:Rows sections, eg 3,2 would be 3 across and 2 down */
		sep = strpbrk(optarg, ",:");
		if (sep)
                  {
                  *sep = '\0';
                  page.cols = atoi(optarg);
                  page.rows = atoi(sep +1);
		  }
                else
                  {
                  page.cols = atoi(optarg);
                  page.rows = atoi(optarg);
		  }
                if ((page.cols * page.rows) > MAX_SECTIONS)
                  {
		  fprintf (stderr, 
                  "Limit of %d subdivisions, ie rows x columns, exceeded\n", MAX_SECTIONS);
		  exit (-1);
                  }
                page.mode |= PAGE_MODE_ROWSCOLS;
		break;
      case 'U':	/* units for measurements and offsets */
		if (streq(optarg, "in"))
                  {
		  crop_data.res_unit = RESUNIT_INCH;
		  page.res_unit = RESUNIT_INCH;
		  }
		else if (streq(optarg, "cm"))
		  {
		  crop_data.res_unit = RESUNIT_CENTIMETER;
		  page.res_unit = RESUNIT_CENTIMETER;
		  }
		else if (streq(optarg, "px"))
		  {
		   crop_data.res_unit = RESUNIT_NONE;
		  page.res_unit = RESUNIT_NONE;
		  }
		else
                  {
		  fprintf (stderr, "Illegal unit of measure: %s\n\n", optarg);
		  usage();
		  }
		break;
      case 'V': /* set vertical resolution to new value */
		page.vres = atof (optarg);
                page.mode |= PAGE_MODE_RESOLUTION;
		break;
      case 'X':	/* selection width */
		crop_data.crop_mode |= CROP_WIDTH;
		crop_data.width = atof(optarg);
		break;
      case 'Y':	/* selection length */
		crop_data.crop_mode |= CROP_LENGTH;
		crop_data.length = atof(optarg);
		break;
      case 'Z': /* zones of an image X:Y read as zone X of Y */
		crop_data.crop_mode |= CROP_ZONES;
		for (i = 0, opt_ptr = strtok (optarg, ",");
		     ((opt_ptr != NULL) &&  (i < MAX_ZONES));
		     (opt_ptr = strtok (NULL, ",")), i++)
			{
			    crop_data.zones++;
			    opt_offset = strchr(opt_ptr, ':');
			    *opt_offset = '\0';
			    crop_data.zonelist[i].position = atoi(opt_ptr);
			    crop_data.zonelist[i].total = atoi(opt_offset + 1);
			}
                /*  check for remaining elements over MAX_ZONES */
                if ((opt_ptr != NULL) && (i >= MAX_ZONES))
                  {
		  fprintf (stderr, "Zone list exceed limit of %d zones\n", MAX_ZONES);
		  exit (-1);
                  }
		break;
      case '?':	usage();
		/*NOTREACHED*/
      }

  if (argc - optind < 2)
    usage();

  out = TIFFOpen(argv[argc - 1], mode);
  if (out == NULL)
    return (-2);

  if ((argc - optind) == 2)
    pageNum = -1;

  for (; optind < argc-1 ; optind++)
    {
    in = TIFFOpen (argv[optind], "r");
    if (in == NULL)
      return (-3);

    if (image_count == 0)
      dirnum = 0;
    else
      {
      dirnum = (tdir_t)(imagelist[next_image] - 1);
      next_image++;
      }

    if (dirnum == MAX_IMAGES - 1)
      dirnum = TIFFNumberOfDirectories(in) - 1;

    if (dirnum != 0 && !TIFFSetDirectory(in, (tdir_t)dirnum))
      {
      TIFFError(TIFFFileName(in),"Error, setting subdirectory at %#x", dirnum);
      (void) TIFFClose(out);
      return (1);
      }
	
    for (;;)
      {
      config = defconfig;
      compression = defcompression;
      predictor = defpredictor;
      fillorder = deffillorder;
      rowsperstrip = defrowsperstrip;
      tilewidth = deftilewidth;
      tilelength = deftilelength;
      g3opts = defg3opts;

      if (loadImage(in, &image, &read_buff))
        {
        TIFFError("main", "Unable to load source image");
        exit (-1);
        }

      if (crop_data.crop_mode != CROP_NONE)
        {
	if (getCropOffsets(&image, &crop_data))
          {
          TIFFError("main", "Unable to define crop regions");
          exit (-1);
	  }

        /* Does this even need to be called if we are not cropping? */
        if (createCroppedImage(in, &image, &crop_data, &read_buff, &crop_buff))
          {
          TIFFError("main", "Unable to create output image");
          exit (-1);
	  }
        }

      /* Check output qualifiers and build loops to break output image into pages */
      if (page.mode != PAGE_MODE_NONE)
          {
	if (crop_data.crop_mode == CROP_NONE)
	  sect_src = read_buff;
        else
	  sect_src = crop_buff;

        if (computeOutputPixelOffsets(&crop_data, &image, &page, sections))
          {
          TIFFError("main", "Unable to compute output section data");
          exit (-1);
	  }

	if (writeImageSections(in, out, &image, &page, sections, sect_src, &sect_buff))
          {
          TIFFError("main", "Unable to write image sections");
          exit (-1);
	  }
        }
      else
        if (writeCroppedImage(in, out, &crop_data, crop_buff))
        { 
          TIFFError("main", "Unable to write new image");
          exit (-1);
        }

      /* No image list specified, just read the next image */
      if (image_count == 0)
        dirnum++;
      else
        {
	dirnum = (tdir_t)(imagelist[next_image] - 1);
        next_image++;
        }

      if (dirnum == MAX_IMAGES - 1)
        dirnum = TIFFNumberOfDirectories(in) - 1;

      if (!TIFFSetDirectory(in, (tdir_t)dirnum))
         break;
      }
    }

  TIFFClose(in);

  /* If we did not use the read buffer as the crop buffer */
  if (read_buff)
        _TIFFfree(read_buff);

  if (crop_buff)
    _TIFFfree(crop_buff);

  if (sect_buff)
    _TIFFfree(sect_buff);

  TIFFClose(out);

  return (0);
  }


static void
processG3Options(char* cp)
{
	if( (cp = strchr(cp, ':')) ) {
		if (defg3opts == (uint32) -1)
			defg3opts = 0;
		do {
			cp++;
			if (strneq(cp, "1d", 2))
				defg3opts &= ~GROUP3OPT_2DENCODING;
			else if (strneq(cp, "2d", 2))
				defg3opts |= GROUP3OPT_2DENCODING;
			else if (strneq(cp, "fill", 4))
				defg3opts |= GROUP3OPT_FILLBITS;
			else
				usage();
		} while( (cp = strchr(cp, ':')) );
	}
}

static int
processCompressOptions(char* opt)
{
	if (streq(opt, "none")) {
		defcompression = COMPRESSION_NONE;
	} else if (streq(opt, "packbits")) {
		defcompression = COMPRESSION_PACKBITS;
	} else if (strneq(opt, "jpeg", 4)) {
		char* cp = strchr(opt, ':');

                defcompression = COMPRESSION_JPEG;
                while( cp )
                {
                    if (isdigit((int)cp[1]))
			quality = atoi(cp+1);
                    else if (cp[1] == 'r' )
			jpegcolormode = JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW;
                    else
                        usage();

                    cp = strchr(cp+1,':');
                }
	} else if (strneq(opt, "g3", 2)) {
		processG3Options(opt);
		defcompression = COMPRESSION_CCITTFAX3;
	} else if (streq(opt, "g4")) {
		defcompression = COMPRESSION_CCITTFAX4;
	} else if (strneq(opt, "lzw", 3)) {
		char* cp = strchr(opt, ':');
		if (cp)
			defpredictor = atoi(cp+1);
		defcompression = COMPRESSION_LZW;
	} else if (strneq(opt, "zip", 3)) {
		char* cp = strchr(opt, ':');
		if (cp)
			defpredictor = atoi(cp+1);
		defcompression = COMPRESSION_ADOBE_DEFLATE;
	} else
		return (0);
	return (1);
}

char* stuff[] = {
"usage: tiffcrop [options] input output",
"where options are:",
" -a		append to output instead of overwriting",
" -d offset	set initial directory offset",
" -p contig	pack samples contiguously (e.g. RGBRGB...)",
" -p separate	store samples separately (e.g. RRR...GGG...BBB...)",
" -s		write output in strips",
" -t		write output in tiles",
" -i		ignore read errors",
"",
" -r #		make each strip have no more than # rows",
" -w #		set output tile width (pixels)",
" -l #		set output tile length (pixels)",
"",
" -f lsb2msb	force lsb-to-msb FillOrder for output",
" -f msb2lsb	force msb-to-lsb FillOrder for output",
"",
" -c lzw[:opts]	compress output with Lempel-Ziv & Welch encoding",
" -c zip[:opts]	compress output with deflate encoding",
" -c jpeg[:opts]	compress output with JPEG encoding",
" -c packbits	compress output with packbits encoding",
" -c g3[:opts]	compress output with CCITT Group 3 encoding",
" -c g4		compress output with CCITT Group 4 encoding",
" -c none	use no compression algorithm on output",
"",
"Group 3 options:",
" 1d		use default CCITT Group 3 1D-encoding",
" 2d		use optional CCITT Group 3 2D-encoding",
" fill		byte-align EOL codes",
"For example, -c g3:2d:fill to get G3-2D-encoded data with byte-aligned EOLs",
"",
"JPEG options:",
" #		set compression quality level (0-100, default 75)",
" r		output color image as RGB rather than YCbCr",
"For example, -c jpeg:r:50 to get JPEG-encoded RGB data with 50% comp. quality",
"",
"LZW and deflate options:",
" #		set predictor value",
"For example, -c lzw:2 to get LZW-encoded data with horizontal differencing",
"",
" -N odd|even|#,#-#,#|last         sequences and ranges of images within file to process",
"             the words odd or even may be used to specify all odd or even numbered images",
"             the word last may be used in place of a number in the sequence to indicate",
"             the final image in the file without knowing how many images there are",
"",
" -E t|l|r|b  edge to use as origin for width and length of crop region",
" -U units    [in, cm, px ] inches, centimeters or pixels",
"",
" -m #,#,#,#  margins from edges for selection: top, left, bottom, right separated by commas",
" -X #        horizontal dimension of region to extract expressed in current units",
" -Y #        vertical dimension of region to extract expressed in current units",
" -Z #:#,#:#  zones of the image designated as position X of Y,",
"             eg 1:3 would be first of three equal portions measured from reference edge",
"",
" -H #        set horizontal resolution of output images to #",
" -V #        set vertical resolution of output images to #",
" -J #        set horizontal margin of output page to # expressed in current units",
" -K #        set verticalal margin of output page to # expressed in current units",
"",
" -O orient    orientation for output image, portrait, landscape, auto",
" -P page      page size for output image segments, eg letter, legal, tabloid, etc",
" -S cols:rows divide the image into equal sized segments using cols across and rows down",
"",
" -F h|v      flip ie mirror image or extracted region horizontally or vertically",
" -R #        [90,180,or 270] degrees clockwise rotation of image or extracted region",
" -I          invert the color space, eg dark to light for bilevel and grayscale images",
"",
"      Note that images to process may be specified with -d # to process all",
"beginning at image # (numbering from zero) or by the -N option with a comma",
"separated list of images (numbered from one) which may include the word last or",
"the words odd or even to process all the odd or even numbered images",
"",
"For example, -n 1,5-7,last to process the 1st, 5th through 7th, and final image",
NULL
};


static void
usage(void)
{
	char buf[BUFSIZ];
	int i;

	setbuf(stderr, buf);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n%s\n\n", TIFFGetVersion());
	for (i = 0; stuff[i] != NULL; i++)
		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", stuff[i]);
	exit(-1);
}

#define	CopyField(tag, v) \
    if (TIFFGetField(in, tag, &v)) TIFFSetField(out, tag, v)
#define	CopyField2(tag, v1, v2) \
    if (TIFFGetField(in, tag, &v1, &v2)) TIFFSetField(out, tag, v1, v2)
#define	CopyField3(tag, v1, v2, v3) \
    if (TIFFGetField(in, tag, &v1, &v2, &v3)) TIFFSetField(out, tag, v1, v2, v3)
#define	CopyField4(tag, v1, v2, v3, v4) \
    if (TIFFGetField(in, tag, &v1, &v2, &v3, &v4)) TIFFSetField(out, tag, v1, v2, v3, v4)

static void
cpTag(TIFF* in, TIFF* out, uint16 tag, uint16 count, TIFFDataType type)
{
	switch (type) {
	case TIFF_SHORT:
		if (count == 1) {
			uint16 shortv;
			CopyField(tag, shortv);
		} else if (count == 2) {
			uint16 shortv1, shortv2;
			CopyField2(tag, shortv1, shortv2);
		} else if (count == 4) {
			uint16 *tr, *tg, *tb, *ta;
			CopyField4(tag, tr, tg, tb, ta);
		} else if (count == (uint16) -1) {
			uint16 shortv1;
			uint16* shortav;
			CopyField2(tag, shortv1, shortav);
		}
		break;
	case TIFF_LONG:
		{ uint32 longv;
		  CopyField(tag, longv);
		}
		break;
	case TIFF_RATIONAL:
		if (count == 1) {
			float floatv;
			CopyField(tag, floatv);
		} else if (count == (uint16) -1) {
			float* floatav;
			CopyField(tag, floatav);
		}
		break;
	case TIFF_ASCII:
		{ char* stringv;
		  CopyField(tag, stringv);
		}
		break;
	case TIFF_DOUBLE:
		if (count == 1) {
			double doublev;
			CopyField(tag, doublev);
		} else if (count == (uint16) -1) {
			double* doubleav;
			CopyField(tag, doubleav);
		}
		break;
          default:
                TIFFError(TIFFFileName(in),
                          "Data type %d is not supported, tag %d skipped.",
                          tag, type);
	}
}

static struct cpTag {
	uint16	tag;
	uint16	count;
	TIFFDataType type;
} tags[] = {
	{ TIFFTAG_SUBFILETYPE,		1, TIFF_LONG },
	{ TIFFTAG_THRESHHOLDING,	1, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_DOCUMENTNAME,		1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_IMAGEDESCRIPTION,	1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_MAKE,			1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_MODEL,		1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_MINSAMPLEVALUE,	1, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_MAXSAMPLEVALUE,	1, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION,		1, TIFF_RATIONAL },
	{ TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION,		1, TIFF_RATIONAL },
	{ TIFFTAG_PAGENAME,		1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_XPOSITION,		1, TIFF_RATIONAL },
	{ TIFFTAG_YPOSITION,		1, TIFF_RATIONAL },
	{ TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT,	1, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE,		1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_DATETIME,		1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_ARTIST,		1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_HOSTCOMPUTER,		1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_WHITEPOINT,		(uint16) -1, TIFF_RATIONAL },
	{ TIFFTAG_PRIMARYCHROMATICITIES,(uint16) -1,TIFF_RATIONAL },
	{ TIFFTAG_HALFTONEHINTS,	2, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_INKSET,		1, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_DOTRANGE,		2, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_TARGETPRINTER,	1, TIFF_ASCII },
	{ TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT,		1, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_YCBCRCOEFFICIENTS,	(uint16) -1,TIFF_RATIONAL },
	{ TIFFTAG_YCBCRSUBSAMPLING,	2, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_YCBCRPOSITIONING,	1, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_REFERENCEBLACKWHITE,	(uint16) -1,TIFF_RATIONAL },
	{ TIFFTAG_EXTRASAMPLES,		(uint16) -1, TIFF_SHORT },
	{ TIFFTAG_SMINSAMPLEVALUE,	1, TIFF_DOUBLE },
	{ TIFFTAG_SMAXSAMPLEVALUE,	1, TIFF_DOUBLE },
	{ TIFFTAG_STONITS,		1, TIFF_DOUBLE },
};
#define	NTAGS	(sizeof (tags) / sizeof (tags[0]))

#define	CopyTag(tag, count, type)	cpTag(in, out, tag, count, type)

typedef int (*copyFunc)
    (TIFF* in, TIFF* out, uint32 l, uint32 w, uint16 samplesperpixel);

/*
 * Copy Functions.
 */
#define	DECLAREcpFunc(x) \
static int x(TIFF* in, TIFF* out, \
    uint32 imagelength, uint32 imagewidth, tsample_t spp)

#define	DECLAREreadFunc(x) \
static int x(TIFF* in, \
    uint8* buf, uint32 imagelength, uint32 imagewidth, tsample_t spp)
typedef int (*readFunc)(TIFF*, uint8*, uint32, uint32, tsample_t);

#define	DECLAREwriteFunc(x) \
static int x(TIFF* out, \
    uint8* buf, uint32 imagelength, uint32 imagewidth, tsample_t spp)
typedef int (*writeFunc)(TIFF*, uint8*, uint32, uint32, tsample_t);

static void
cpStripToTile(uint8* out, uint8* in,
	uint32 rows, uint32 cols, int outskew, int inskew)
{
	while (rows-- > 0) {
		uint32 j = cols;
		while (j-- > 0)
			*out++ = *in++;
		out += outskew;
		in += inskew;
	}
}

static void
cpContigBufToSeparateBuf(uint8* out, uint8* in,
           uint32 rows, uint32 cols, int outskew, int inskew, tsample_t spp,
           int bytes_per_sample )
{
	while (rows-- > 0) {
		uint32 j = cols;
		while (j-- > 0)
                {
                        int n = bytes_per_sample;

                        while( n-- ) {
                            *out++ = *in++;
            }
                        in += (spp-1) * bytes_per_sample;
	    }
		out += outskew;
		in += inskew;
        }
}

static void
cpSeparateBufToContigBuf(uint8* out, uint8* in,
	uint32 rows, uint32 cols, int outskew, int inskew, tsample_t spp,
                         int bytes_per_sample)
{
	while (rows-- > 0) {
		uint32 j = cols;
		while (j-- > 0) {
                        int n = bytes_per_sample;

                        while( n-- ) {
                                *out++ = *in++;
	}
                        out += (spp-1)*bytes_per_sample;
	  }
		out += outskew;
		in += inskew;
	}
}


DECLAREreadFunc(readContigStripsIntoBuffer)
{
	tsize_t scanlinesize = TIFFScanlineSize(in);
	uint8* bufp = buf;
	uint32 row;

	(void) imagewidth; (void) spp;
	for (row = 0; row < imagelength; row++) {
		if (TIFFReadScanline(in, (tdata_t) bufp, row, 0) < 0
		    && !ignore) {
			TIFFError(TIFFFileName(in),
				  "Error, can't read scanline %lu",
				  (unsigned long) row);
			return 0;
		}
		bufp += scanlinesize;
	}

	return 1;
}

DECLAREreadFunc(readSeparateStripsIntoBuffer)
{
	int status = 1;
	tsize_t scanlinesize = TIFFScanlineSize(in);
	tdata_t scanline = _TIFFmalloc(scanlinesize);
	if (!scanlinesize)
		return 0;

	(void) imagewidth;
	if (scanline) {
		uint8* bufp = (uint8*) buf;
			uint32 row;
		tsample_t s;
			for (row = 0; row < imagelength; row++) {
			/* merge channels */
			for (s = 0; s < spp; s++) {
				uint8* bp = bufp + s;
				tsize_t n = scanlinesize;
                                uint8* sbuf = scanline;

				if (TIFFReadScanline(in, scanline, row, s) < 0
				    && !ignore) {
					TIFFError(TIFFFileName(in),
					"Error, can't read scanline %lu",
					(unsigned long) row);
					status = 0;
					goto done;
			}
				while (n-- > 0)
					*bp = *sbuf++, bp += spp;
	    }
			bufp += scanlinesize * spp;
	  }
	}

done:
	_TIFFfree(scanline);
	return status;
}

DECLAREreadFunc(readContigTilesIntoBuffer)
{
	int status = 1;
	tdata_t tilebuf = _TIFFmalloc(TIFFTileSize(in));
	uint32 imagew = TIFFScanlineSize(in);
	uint32 tilew  = TIFFTileRowSize(in);
	int iskew = imagew - tilew;
	uint8* bufp = (uint8*) buf;
	uint32 tw, tl;
	uint32 row;

	(void) spp;
	if (tilebuf == 0)
	return 0;
	(void) TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH, &tw);
	(void) TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH, &tl);

	for (row = 0; row < imagelength; row += tl) {
		uint32 nrow = (row+tl > imagelength) ? imagelength-row : tl;
		uint32 colb = 0;
		uint32 col;

		for (col = 0; col < imagewidth; col += tw) {
			if (TIFFReadTile(in, tilebuf, col, row, 0, 0) < 0
			    && !ignore) {
				TIFFError(TIFFFileName(in),
					  "Error, can't read tile at %lu %lu",
					  (unsigned long) col,
					  (unsigned long) row);
				status = 0;
				goto done;
			}
			if (colb + tilew > imagew) {
				uint32 width = imagew - colb;
				uint32 oskew = tilew - width;
				cpStripToTile(bufp + colb,
                                              tilebuf, nrow, width,
                                              oskew + iskew, oskew );
			} else
				cpStripToTile(bufp + colb,
                                              tilebuf, nrow, tilew,
                                              iskew, 0);
			colb += tilew;
		}
		bufp += imagew * nrow;
	}
done:
	_TIFFfree(tilebuf);
	return status;
}

DECLAREreadFunc(readSeparateTilesIntoBuffer)
{
	int status = 1;
	uint32 imagew = TIFFRasterScanlineSize(in);
	uint32 tilew = TIFFTileRowSize(in);
	int iskew  = imagew - tilew*spp;
	tdata_t tilebuf = _TIFFmalloc(TIFFTileSize(in));
	uint8* bufp = (uint8*) buf;
	uint32 tw, tl;
	uint32 row;
        uint16 bps, bytes_per_sample;

	if (tilebuf == 0)
		return 0;
	(void) TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH, &tw);
	(void) TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH, &tl);
	(void) TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, &bps);
        assert( bps % 8 == 0 );
        bytes_per_sample = bps/8;

	for (row = 0; row < imagelength; row += tl) {
		uint32 nrow = (row+tl > imagelength) ? imagelength-row : tl;
		uint32 colb = 0;
		uint32 col;

		for (col = 0; col < imagewidth; col += tw) {
			tsample_t s;

			for (s = 0; s < spp; s++) {
				if (TIFFReadTile(in, tilebuf, col, row, 0, s) < 0
				    && !ignore) {
					TIFFError(TIFFFileName(in),
					  "Error, can't read tile at %lu %lu, "
					  "sample %lu",
					  (unsigned long) col,
					  (unsigned long) row,
					  (unsigned long) s);
					status = 0;
					goto done;
				}
				/*
				 * Tile is clipped horizontally.  Calculate
				 * visible portion and skewing factors.
				 */
				if (colb + tilew*spp > imagew) {
					uint32 width = imagew - colb;
					int oskew = tilew*spp - width;
					cpSeparateBufToContigBuf(
                                            bufp+colb+s*bytes_per_sample,
					    tilebuf, nrow,
                                            width/(spp*bytes_per_sample),
					    oskew + iskew,
                                            oskew/spp, spp,
                                            bytes_per_sample);
				} else
					cpSeparateBufToContigBuf(
                                            bufp+colb+s*bytes_per_sample,
					    tilebuf, nrow, tw,
					    iskew, 0, spp,
                                            bytes_per_sample);
			}
			colb += tilew*spp;
		}
		bufp += imagew * nrow;
	}
done:
	_TIFFfree(tilebuf);
	return status;
}

DECLAREwriteFunc(writeBufferToContigStrips)
{
	uint32 row, rowsperstrip;
	tstrip_t strip = 0;

	(void) imagewidth; (void) spp;
	(void) TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(out, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, &rowsperstrip);
	for (row = 0; row < imagelength; row += rowsperstrip) {
		uint32 nrows = (row+rowsperstrip > imagelength) ?
		    imagelength-row : rowsperstrip;
		tsize_t stripsize = TIFFVStripSize(out, nrows);
		if (TIFFWriteEncodedStrip(out, strip++, buf, stripsize) < 0) {
			TIFFError(TIFFFileName(out),
				  "Error, can't write strip %lu", strip - 1);
			return 0;
		}
		buf += stripsize;
	}
	return 1;
}

DECLAREwriteFunc(writeBufferToSeparateStrips)
{
	uint32 rowsize = imagewidth * spp;
	uint32 rowsperstrip;
	tdata_t obuf = _TIFFmalloc(TIFFStripSize(out));
	tstrip_t strip = 0;
	tsample_t s;

	if (obuf == NULL)
		return (0);
	(void) TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(out, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, &rowsperstrip);
	for (s = 0; s < spp; s++) {
		uint32 row;
		for (row = 0; row < imagelength; row += rowsperstrip) {
			uint32 nrows = (row+rowsperstrip > imagelength) ?
			    imagelength-row : rowsperstrip;
			tsize_t stripsize = TIFFVStripSize(out, nrows);

			cpContigBufToSeparateBuf(
			    obuf, (uint8*) buf + row*rowsize + s, 
			    nrows, imagewidth, 0, 0, spp, 1);
			if (TIFFWriteEncodedStrip(out, strip++, obuf, stripsize) < 0) {
				TIFFError(TIFFFileName(out),
					  "Error, can't write strip %lu",
					  strip - 1);
				_TIFFfree(obuf);
				return 0;
			}
		}
	}
	_TIFFfree(obuf);
	return 1;

}

DECLAREwriteFunc(writeBufferToContigTiles)
{
	uint32 imagew = TIFFScanlineSize(out);
	uint32 tilew  = TIFFTileRowSize(out);
	int iskew = imagew - tilew;
	tdata_t obuf = _TIFFmalloc(TIFFTileSize(out));
	uint8* bufp = (uint8*) buf;
	uint32 tl, tw;
	uint32 row;

	(void) spp;
	if (obuf == NULL)
		return 0;
	(void) TIFFGetField(out, TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH, &tl);
	(void) TIFFGetField(out, TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH, &tw);
	for (row = 0; row < imagelength; row += tilelength) {
		uint32 nrow = (row+tl > imagelength) ? imagelength-row : tl;
		uint32 colb = 0;
		uint32 col;

		for (col = 0; col < imagewidth; col += tw) {
			/*
			 * Tile is clipped horizontally.  Calculate
			 * visible portion and skewing factors.
			 */
			if (colb + tilew > imagew) {
				uint32 width = imagew - colb;
				int oskew = tilew - width;
				cpStripToTile(obuf, bufp + colb, nrow, width,
				    oskew, oskew + iskew);
			} else
				cpStripToTile(obuf, bufp + colb, nrow, tilew,
				    0, iskew);
			if (TIFFWriteTile(out, obuf, col, row, 0, 0) < 0) {
				TIFFError(TIFFFileName(out),
					  "Error, can't write tile at %lu %lu",
					  (unsigned long) col,
					  (unsigned long) row);
				_TIFFfree(obuf);
				return 0;
			}
			colb += tilew;
		}
		bufp += nrow * imagew;
	}
	_TIFFfree(obuf);
	return 1;
}

DECLAREwriteFunc(writeBufferToSeparateTiles)
{
	uint32 imagew = TIFFScanlineSize(out);
	tsize_t tilew  = TIFFTileRowSize(out);
	uint32 iimagew = TIFFRasterScanlineSize(out);
	int iskew = iimagew - tilew*spp;
	tdata_t obuf = _TIFFmalloc(TIFFTileSize(out));
	uint8* bufp = (uint8*) buf;
	uint32 tl, tw;
	uint32 row;
        uint16 bps, bytes_per_sample;

	if (obuf == NULL)
		return 0;
	(void) TIFFGetField(out, TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH, &tl);
	(void) TIFFGetField(out, TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH, &tw);
	(void) TIFFGetField(out, TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, &bps);
        assert( bps % 8 == 0 );
        bytes_per_sample = bps/8;
        
	for (row = 0; row < imagelength; row += tl) {
		uint32 nrow = (row+tl > imagelength) ? imagelength-row : tl;
		uint32 colb = 0;
		uint32 col;

		for (col = 0; col < imagewidth; col += tw) {
			tsample_t s;
			for (s = 0; s < spp; s++) {
				/*
				 * Tile is clipped horizontally.  Calculate
				 * visible portion and skewing factors.
				 */
				if (colb + tilew > imagew) {
					uint32 width = (imagew - colb);
					int oskew = tilew - width;

					cpContigBufToSeparateBuf(obuf,
					    bufp + (colb*spp) + s,
					    nrow, width/bytes_per_sample,
					    oskew, (oskew*spp)+iskew, spp,
                                            bytes_per_sample);
				} else
					cpContigBufToSeparateBuf(obuf,
					    bufp + (colb*spp) + s,
					    nrow, tilewidth,
					    0, iskew, spp,
                                            bytes_per_sample);
				if (TIFFWriteTile(out, obuf, col, row, 0, s) < 0) {
					TIFFError(TIFFFileName(out),
					"Error, can't write tile at %lu %lu "
					"sample %lu",
					(unsigned long) col,
					(unsigned long) row,
					(unsigned long) s);
					_TIFFfree(obuf);
					return 0;
				}
			}
			colb += tilew;
		}
		bufp += nrow * iimagew;
	}
	_TIFFfree(obuf);
	return 1;
}


static int
get_page_geometry (char *name, struct pagedef *page)
    {
    char *ptr;
    int n; 

    for (ptr = name; *ptr; ptr++)
      *ptr = (char)tolower((int)*ptr);

    for (n = 0; n < MAX_PAPERNAMES; n++)
      {
      if (strcmp(name, PaperTable[n].name) == 0)
        {
	page->width = PaperTable[n].width;
	page->length = PaperTable[n].length;
        strncpy (page->name, PaperTable[n].name, 15);
        page->name[15] = '\0';
        return (0);
        }
      }

  return (1);
  }


static void
initPageSetup (struct pagedef *page, struct pageseg *pagelist)
   {
   int i; 

   strcpy (page->name, "");
   page->mode = PAGE_MODE_NONE;
   page->res_unit = RESUNIT_NONE;
   page->hres = 0.0;
   page->vres = 0.0;
   page->width = 0.0;
   page->length = 0.0;
   page->hmargin = 0.0;
   page->vmargin = 0.0;
   page->rows = 0;
   page->cols = 0;
   page->orient = ORIENTATION_NONE;

   for (i = 0; i < MAX_SECTIONS; i++)
     {
     pagelist[i].x1 = (uint32)0;
     pagelist[i].x2 = (uint32)0;
     pagelist[i].y1 = (uint32)0;
     pagelist[i].y2 = (uint32)0;
     pagelist[i].buffsize = (uint32)0;
     pagelist[i].position = 0;
     pagelist[i].total = 0;
     }
   }

static void
initImageData (struct image_data *image)
  {
  image->xres = 0.0;
  image->yres = 0.0;
  image->width = 0;
  image->length = 0;
  image->res_unit = RESUNIT_NONE;
  image->bps = 0;
  image->spp = 0;
  image->planar = 0;
  image->photometric = 0;
  }

static void
initCropMasks (struct crop_mask *cps)
   {
   int i;

   cps->crop_mode = CROP_NONE;
   cps->res_unit  = RESUNIT_NONE;
   cps->edge_ref  = EDGE_TOP;
   cps->width = 0;
   cps->length = 0;
   for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
     cps->margins[i] = 0.0;
   cps->bufftotal = (uint32)0;
   cps->combined_width = (uint32)0;
   cps->combined_length = (uint32)0;
   cps->rotation = (uint16)0;
   cps->mirror   = (uint16)0;
   cps->invert   = (uint16)0;
   cps->zones    = (uint32)0;
   for (i = 0; i < MAX_ZONES; i++)
     {
     cps->zonelist[i].position = 0;
     cps->zonelist[i].total = 0;
     cps->zonelist[i].x1 = (uint32)0;
     cps->zonelist[i].x2 = (uint32)0;
     cps->zonelist[i].y1 = (uint32)0;
     cps->zonelist[i].y2 = (uint32)0;
     }
   }

/* Compute pixel offsets into the image for margins and fixed regions */
static int
computeInputPixelOffsets(struct crop_mask *crop, struct image_data *image,
                         struct offset *off)
  {
  double scale;
  float xres, yres;
  /* Values for these offsets are in pixels from start of image, not bytes
   * since some images may have more than 8 bits per pixel */
  uint32 tmargin, bmargin, lmargin, rmargin;
  uint32 startx, endx;   /* offsets of first and last columns to extract */
  uint32 starty, endy;   /* offsets of first and last row to extract */
  uint32 width, length, crop_width, crop_length;


  if (image->res_unit != RESUNIT_INCH && image->res_unit != RESUNIT_CENTIMETER)
    {
    xres = 1.0;
    yres = 1.0;
    if ((crop->res_unit != RESUNIT_NONE) && ((crop->crop_mode & CROP_MARGINS) ||
	(crop->crop_mode & CROP_LENGTH) || (crop->crop_mode & CROP_WIDTH)))
      {
      TIFFError("computeInputPixelOffsets", "Cannot compute margins or fixed size sections without image resolution");
      TIFFError("computeInputPixelOffsets", "Specify units in pixels and try again");
      return (-1);
      }
    }
  else
    {
    xres = image->xres;
    yres = image->yres;
    }

  /* Translate user units to image units */
  scale = 1.0;
  switch (crop->res_unit) {
    case RESUNIT_CENTIMETER:
         if (image->res_unit == RESUNIT_INCH)
	   scale = 1.0/2.54;
	 break;
    case RESUNIT_INCH:
	 if (image->res_unit == RESUNIT_CENTIMETER)
	     scale = 2.54;
	 break;
    case RESUNIT_NONE: /* Dimensions in pixels */
    default:
    break;
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf (stderr, "Scale: %f  Requested resunit %s, Image resunit %s\n\n",
           scale, (crop->res_unit == RESUNIT_INCH) ? "inch" :
	   ((crop->res_unit == RESUNIT_CENTIMETER) ? "centimeter" : "pixel"),
           (image->res_unit == RESUNIT_INCH) ? "inch" :
	   ((image->res_unit == RESUNIT_CENTIMETER) ? "centimeter" : "pixel"));
#endif
  
  /* Convert crop margins into offsets into image
   * Margins are expressed as pixel rows and columns, not bytes
   */
  if (crop->crop_mode & CROP_MARGINS)
    {
    if (crop->res_unit != RESUNIT_INCH && crop->res_unit != RESUNIT_CENTIMETER)
      { /* User has specified pixels as reference unit */
      tmargin = (uint32)(crop->margins[0]);
      lmargin = (uint32)(crop->margins[1]);
      bmargin = (uint32)(crop->margins[2]);
      rmargin = (uint32)(crop->margins[3]);
      }
    else
      { /* inches or centimeters specified */
      tmargin = (uint32)(crop->margins[0] * scale * yres);
      lmargin = (uint32)(crop->margins[1] * scale * xres);
      bmargin = (uint32)(crop->margins[2] * scale * yres);
      rmargin = (uint32)(crop->margins[3] * scale * xres);
      }

    if ((lmargin + rmargin) > image->width)
      {
      TIFFError("computeInputPixelOffsets", "Combined left and right margins exceed image width");
      lmargin = (uint32) 0;
      rmargin = (uint32) 0;
      return (-1);
      }
    if ((tmargin + bmargin) > image->length)
      {
      TIFFError("computeInputPixelOffsets", "Combined top and bottom margins exceed image length"); 
      tmargin = (uint32) 0; 
      bmargin = (uint32) 0;
      return (-1);
      }
    }
  else
    { /* no margins requested */
    tmargin = (uint32) 0;
    lmargin = (uint32) 0;
    bmargin = (uint32) 0;
    rmargin = (uint32) 0;
    }

  /* Width, height, and margins are expressed as pixel offsets into image */
  if (crop->crop_mode & CROP_WIDTH)
    width = (uint32)(crop->width * scale * image->xres);
  else
    width = image->width - lmargin - rmargin;

  if (crop->crop_mode & CROP_LENGTH)
    length  = (uint32)(crop->length * scale * image->yres);
  else
    length = image->length - tmargin - bmargin;

  off->tmargin = tmargin;
  off->bmargin = bmargin;
  off->lmargin = lmargin;
  off->rmargin = rmargin;

  /* Calculate regions defined by margins, width, and length. 
   * Coordinates expressed as 1 to imagewidth, imagelength, not bytes */
  switch (crop->edge_ref) {
    case EDGE_BOTTOM:
         startx = lmargin;
         if ((startx + width) >= (image->width - rmargin))
           endx = image->width - rmargin - 1;
         else
           endx = startx + width;

         endy = image->length - bmargin - 1;
         if ((endy - length) <= tmargin)
           starty = tmargin;
         else
           starty = endy - length - 1;
         break;
    case EDGE_RIGHT:
         endx = image->width - rmargin - 1;
         if ((endx - width) <= lmargin)
           startx = lmargin;
         else
           startx = endx - width;

         starty = tmargin;
         if ((starty + length) >= (image->length - bmargin))
           endy = image->length - bmargin - 1;
         else
           endy = starty + length;
         break;
    case EDGE_TOP:  /* width from left, length from top */
    case EDGE_LEFT:
    default:
         startx = lmargin;
         if ((startx + width) >= (image->width - rmargin))
           endx = image->width - rmargin - 1;
         else
           endx = startx + width;

         starty = tmargin;
         if ((starty + length) >= (image->length - bmargin))
           endy = image->length - bmargin - 1;
         else
           endy = starty + length;
         break;
    }
  off->startx = startx;
  off->starty = starty;
  off->endx   = endx;
  off->endy   = endy;

  crop_width  = endx - startx + 1;
  crop_length = endy - starty + 1;

  if (crop_width <= 0)
    {
    TIFFError("computeInputPixelOffsets", 
               "Invalid left/right margins and /or image crop width requested");
    return (-1);
    }
  if (crop_width > image->width)
    crop_width = image->width;

  if (crop_length <= 0)
    {
    TIFFError("computeInputPixelOffsets", 
              "Invalid top/bottom margins and /or image crop length requested");
    return (-1);
    }
  if (crop_length > image->length)
    crop_length = image->length;

  off->crop_width = crop_width;
  off->crop_length = crop_length;

#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf (stderr, "Startx: %d endx: %d Starty: %d endy: %d  Crop width: %d length: %d\n",
           startx, endx, starty, endy, crop_width, crop_length);
#endif

  return (0);
  } /* end computeInputPixelOffsets */

/* 
 * Translate crop options into pixel offsets for one or more regions of the image.
 * Options are applied in this order: margins, specific width and length, zones,
 * but all are optional. Margins are relative to each edge. Width, length and
 * zones are relative to the specified reference edge. Zones are expressed as
 * X:Y where X is the ordinal value in a set of Y equal sized portions. eg.
 * 2:3 would indicate the middle third of the region qualified by margins and
 * any explicit width and length specified.
 */

static int
getCropOffsets(struct image_data *image, struct crop_mask *crop)
  {
  struct offset offsets;
  uint32 i, seg, total, cropbuff = 0;
  uint32 test, buffsize;
  double zwidth, zlength;

  /* Compute pixel offsets if margins or fixed width or length specified */
  if ((crop->crop_mode & CROP_MARGINS) ||
      (crop->crop_mode & CROP_LENGTH) || 
      (crop->crop_mode & CROP_WIDTH))
    {
    if (computeInputPixelOffsets(crop, image, &offsets))
      {
      TIFFError ("getCropOffsets", "Unable to compute crop margins");
      return (-1);
      }
    cropbuff = TRUE;
    }
  else
    { /* cropped area is the full image */
    offsets.tmargin = 0;
    offsets.lmargin = 0;
    offsets.bmargin = 0;
    offsets.rmargin = 0;
    offsets.crop_width = image->width;
    offsets.crop_length = image->length;
    offsets.startx = 0;
    offsets.endx = image->width - 1;
    offsets.starty = 0;
    offsets.endy = image->length - 1;
    cropbuff = FALSE;
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf (stderr, "Margins: Top: %d  Left: %d  Bottom: %d  Right: %d\n", 
                    offsets.tmargin, offsets.lmargin, offsets.bmargin, offsets.rmargin); 
  fprintf (stderr, "Crop region within margins: Adjusted Width:  %6d  Length: %6d\n\n", 
                    offsets.crop_width, offsets.crop_length);
#endif

  if (!(crop->crop_mode & CROP_ZONES)) /* no crop zones requested */
    {
    if (cropbuff == FALSE)  /* No margins or fixed width or length areas */
      {
      crop->zones = 0;
      crop->combined_width  = image->width;
      crop->combined_length = image->length;
      /* crop->bufftotal = ceil((image->width * image->bps + 7 ) / (double)8) * image->spp) * image->length); */
      return (0);
      }
    else  /* we need one crop zone for margins and fixed width or length areas */
      {
      crop->zones = 1;
      crop->zonelist[0].total = 1;
      crop->zonelist[0].position = 1;
      }
    }     

  /* Compute the start and end values for each zone */
  crop->bufftotal = 0;
  crop->combined_width  = (uint32)0;
  crop->combined_length = (uint32)0;

  switch (crop->edge_ref) {
    case EDGE_LEFT: /* zones from left to right, length from top */
         for (i = 0; i < crop->zones; i++)
           {
	   seg = crop->zonelist[i].position;
	   total = crop->zonelist[i].total;
           zlength = offsets.crop_length;
	   crop->zonelist[i].y1 = offsets.starty;
           crop->zonelist[i].y2 = offsets.endy;

           crop->zonelist[i].x1 = offsets.startx + (uint32)(offsets.crop_width * 1.0 * (seg - 1) / total);
           test = offsets.startx + (uint32)(offsets.crop_width * 1.0 * seg / total);
           if (test > image->width)
             crop->zonelist[i].x2 = image->width;
           else
             crop->zonelist[i].x2 = test;

           zwidth = crop->zonelist[i].x2 - crop->zonelist[i].x1  + 1;

           /* 
	    * Storing size of individual buffers in case we want to create
	    * a separte IFD for each zone
	    */
           buffsize = (uint32)
		   ((ceil)(((zwidth * image->bps + 7 ) / 8) * image->spp)
		    * (ceil(zlength)));
           /* crop->zonelist[i].buffsize = buffsize; */
           crop->bufftotal += buffsize;
           crop->combined_length += (uint32)zlength;
           crop->combined_width = (uint32)zwidth;
#ifdef DEBUG
	   fprintf (stderr, "Zone %d, width: %4d, length: %4d, x1: %4d  x2: %4d  y1: %4d  y2: %4d\n",
                    i + 1, (uint32)zwidth, (uint32)zlength,
  	            crop->zonelist[i].x1, crop->zonelist[i].x2, 
                    crop->zonelist[i].y1, crop->zonelist[i].y2);
#endif
	   }
         break;
    case EDGE_BOTTOM: /* width from left, zones from bottom to top */
         for (i = 0; i < crop->zones; i++)
           {
	   seg = crop->zonelist[i].position;
	   total = crop->zonelist[i].total;
           zwidth = offsets.crop_width;
	   crop->zonelist[i].x1 = offsets.startx;
           crop->zonelist[i].x2 = offsets.endx;

           test = offsets.endy - (uint32)(offsets.crop_length * 1.0 * seg / total);
           if (test < 1 )
	     crop->zonelist[i].y1 = 1;
           else
	     crop->zonelist[i].y1 = test;

           test = offsets.endy - (uint32)(offsets.crop_length * 1.0 * (seg - 1) / total);
           if (test > image->length)
             crop->zonelist[i].y2 = image->length;
           else 
             crop->zonelist[i].y2 = test;

           zlength = crop->zonelist[i].y2 - crop->zonelist[i].y1 + 1;

           /* Storing size of individual buffers in case we want 
              to create a separte IFD for each zone
	    */
           buffsize = (uint32)
		   ((ceil)(((zwidth * image->bps + 7 ) / 8) * image->spp)
		    * (ceil(zlength)));
           /* crop->zonelist[i].buffsize = buffsize; */
           crop->bufftotal += buffsize;
           crop->combined_length += (uint32)zlength;
           crop->combined_width = (uint32)zwidth;

#ifdef DEBUG
	   fprintf (stderr,
"Zone %d, width: %4d, length: %4d, x1: %4d  x2: %4d  y1: %4d  y2: %4d\n",
                    i + 1, (uint32)zwidth, (uint32)zlength,
	            crop->zonelist[i].x1, crop->zonelist[i].x2,
                    crop->zonelist[i].y1, crop->zonelist[i].y2);
#endif
	   }
         break;
    case EDGE_RIGHT: /* zones from right to left, length from top */
         for (i = 0; i < crop->zones; i++)
           {
	   seg = crop->zonelist[i].position;
	   total = crop->zonelist[i].total;
           zwidth =  (offsets.crop_width * 1.0) / total;
           zlength = offsets.crop_length;

           /*
	    * Storing size of individual buffers in case we want to create
	    * a separte IFD for each zone
	    */
           buffsize = (uint32)
		   ((ceil)(((zwidth * image->bps + 7 ) / 8) * image->spp)
		    * (ceil(zlength)));

           crop->zonelist[i].x1 = offsets.rmargin - (uint32)(offsets.endx - (zwidth * seg));
           crop->zonelist[i].x2 = offsets.rmargin - (uint32)(offsets.endx - (zwidth * (seg - 1)));
	   crop->zonelist[i].y1 = offsets.starty;
           crop->zonelist[i].y2 = offsets.endy;
           /* crop->zonelist[i].buffsize = buffsize; */
           crop->bufftotal += buffsize;
           crop->combined_length += (uint32)zlength;
           crop->combined_width = (uint32)zwidth;

#ifdef DEBUG
	   fprintf (stderr,
"Zone %d, width: %4d, length: %4d, x1: %4d  x2: %4d  y1: %4d  y2: %4d\n",
                    i + 1, (uint32)zwidth, (uint32)zlength,
	            crop->zonelist[i].x1, crop->zonelist[i].x2, 
                    crop->zonelist[i].y1, crop->zonelist[i].y2);
#endif
	   }
         break;
    case EDGE_TOP: /* width from left, zones from top to bottom */
    default:
         for (i = 0; i < crop->zones; i++)
           {
	   seg = crop->zonelist[i].position;
	   total = crop->zonelist[i].total;
           zwidth = offsets.crop_width;
	   crop->zonelist[i].x1 = offsets.startx;
           crop->zonelist[i].x2 = offsets.endx;

           crop->zonelist[i].y1 = offsets.starty + (uint32)(offsets.crop_length * 1.0 * (seg - 1) / total);
           test = offsets.starty + (uint32)(offsets.crop_length * 1.0 * seg / total);
	   if (test > image->length)
	     crop->zonelist[i].y2 = image->length;
           else
	     crop->zonelist[i].y2 = test - 1;

           zlength = crop->zonelist[i].y2 - crop->zonelist[i].y1 + 1;

           /*
	    * Storing size of individual buffers in case we want to create
	    * a separte IFD for each zone
	    */
           buffsize = (uint32)
		   ((ceil)(((zwidth * image->bps + 7 ) / 8) * image->spp)
		    * (ceil(zlength)));

           /* crop->zonelist[i].buffsize = buffsize; */
           crop->bufftotal += buffsize;
           crop->combined_length += (uint32)zlength;
           crop->combined_width = (uint32)zwidth;

#ifdef DEBUG
	   fprintf (stderr,
"Zone %d, width: %4d, length: %4d, x1: %4d  x2: %4d  y1: %4d  y2: %4d\n", 
		    i + 1, (uint32)zwidth, (uint32)zlength,
		    crop->zonelist[i].x1, crop->zonelist[i].x2, 
                    crop->zonelist[i].y1, crop->zonelist[i].y2);
#endif
           }
         break;
    }
  return (0);
  } /* end getCropOffsets */


static int
computeOutputPixelOffsets (struct crop_mask *crop, struct image_data *image,
                           struct pagedef *page, struct pageseg *sections)
  {
  double scale;
  uint32 iwidth, ilength;
  uint32 owidth, olength;
  uint32 orows, ocols;                   /* rows and cols for output */
  uint32 hmargin, vmargin;
  uint32 x1, x2, y1, y2, line_bytes;
  unsigned int orientation;
  uint32 i, j, k;
 
  scale = 1.0;
  if (page->res_unit == RESUNIT_NONE)
    page->res_unit = image->res_unit;

  switch (image->res_unit) {
    case RESUNIT_CENTIMETER:
         if (page->res_unit == RESUNIT_INCH)
	   scale = 1.0/2.54;
	 break;
    case RESUNIT_INCH:
	 if (page->res_unit == RESUNIT_CENTIMETER)
	     scale = 2.54;
	 break;
    case RESUNIT_NONE: /* Dimensions in pixels */
    default:
    break;
    }

  /* get width, height, resolutions of input image selection */
  if (crop->combined_width > 0)
    iwidth = crop->combined_width;
  else
    iwidth = image->width;
  if (crop->combined_length > 0)
    ilength = crop->combined_length;
  else
    ilength = image->length;

  if (page->hres <= 1.0)
    page->hres = image->xres;
  if (page->vres <= 1.0)
    page->vres = image->yres;

  if ((page->hres < 1.0) || (page->vres < 1.0))
    {
    TIFFError("computeOutputPixelOffsets",
    "Invalid horizontal or vertical resolution specified or read from input image");
    return (1);
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf (stderr, "Page size: %s, Vres: %3.2f, Hres: %3.2f, "
                   "Hmargin: %3.2f, Vmargin: %3.2f\n",
	   page->name, page->vres, page->hres,
           page->hmargin, page->vmargin);
  fprintf (stderr, "Res_unit: %d, Scale: %3.2f, Page width: %3.2f, length: %3.2f\n", 
           page->res_unit, scale, page->width, page->length);
#endif

  /* compute margins at specified unit and resolution */
  if (page->mode & PAGE_MODE_MARGINS)
    {
    if (page->res_unit == RESUNIT_INCH || page->res_unit == RESUNIT_CENTIMETER)
      { /* inches or centimeters specified */
      hmargin = (uint32)(page->hmargin * scale * page->hres * ((image->bps + 7)/ 8));
      vmargin = (uint32)(page->vmargin * scale * page->vres * ((image->bps + 7)/ 8));
      }
    else
      { /* Otherwise user has specified pixels as reference unit */
      hmargin = (uint32)(page->hmargin * scale * ((image->bps + 7)/ 8));
      vmargin = (uint32)(page->vmargin * scale * ((image->bps + 7)/ 8));
      }

    if ((hmargin * 2.0) > (page->width * page->hres))
      {
      TIFFError("computeOutputPixelOffsets", 
                "Combined left and right margins exceed page width");
      hmargin = (uint32) 0;
      return (-1);
      }
    if ((vmargin * 2.0) > (page->length * page->vres))
      {
      TIFFError("computeOutputPixelOffsets", 
                "Combined top and bottom margins exceed page length"); 
      vmargin = (uint32) 0; 
      return (-1);
      }
    }
  else
    {
    hmargin = 0;
    vmargin = 0;
    }

  if (page->mode & PAGE_MODE_ROWSCOLS )
    {
    /* Maybe someday but not for now */
    if (page->mode & PAGE_MODE_MARGINS)
      TIFFError("computeOutputPixelOffsets", 
      "Output margins cannot be specified with rows and columns"); 

    owidth  = TIFFhowmany(iwidth, page->cols);
    olength = TIFFhowmany(ilength, page->rows);
    }
  else
    {
    if (page->mode & PAGE_MODE_PAPERSIZE )
      {
      owidth  = (uint32)((page->width * page->hres) - (hmargin * 2));
      olength = (uint32)((page->length * page->vres) - (vmargin * 2));
      }
    else
      {
      owidth = (uint32)(iwidth - (hmargin * 2 * page->hres));
      olength = (uint32)(ilength - (vmargin * 2 * page->vres));
      }
    }

  if (owidth > iwidth)
    owidth = iwidth;
  if (olength > ilength)
    olength = ilength;

  /* Compute the number of pages required for Portrait or Landscape */
  switch (page->orient)
    {
    case ORIENTATION_NONE:
    case ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT:
         ocols = TIFFhowmany(iwidth, owidth);
         orows = TIFFhowmany(ilength, olength);
         orientation = ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT;
         break;

    case ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE:
         ocols = TIFFhowmany(iwidth, olength);
         orows = TIFFhowmany(ilength, owidth);
         x1 = olength;
         olength = owidth;
         owidth = x1;
         orientation = ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE;
         break;

    case ORIENTATION_AUTO:
    default:
         x1 = TIFFhowmany(iwidth, owidth);
         x2 = TIFFhowmany(ilength, olength); 
         y1 = TIFFhowmany(iwidth, olength);
         y2 = TIFFhowmany(ilength, owidth); 

         if ( (x1 * x2) < (y1 * y2))
           { /* Portrait */
           ocols = x1;
           orows = x2;
           orientation = ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT;
	   }
         else
           { /* Landscape */
           ocols = y1;
           orows = y2;
           x1 = olength;
           olength = owidth;
           owidth = x1;
           orientation = ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE;
           }
    }

  if (ocols < 1)
    ocols = 1;
  if (orows < 1)
    orows = 1;

  /* If user did not specify rows and cols, set them from calcuation */
  if (page->rows < 1)
    page->rows = orows;
  if (page->cols < 1)
    page->cols = ocols;

  line_bytes = TIFFhowmany8(owidth * image->bps) * image->spp;

#ifdef DEBUG
fprintf (stderr, "\nBest fit:  rows: %d,  cols:  %d,  orientation: %s\n", 
         orows, ocols,
         orientation == ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT ? "portrait" : "landscape");
fprintf (stderr, "Width: %d, Length: %d, Hmargin: %d, Vmargin: %d\n\n",
	 owidth, olength, hmargin, vmargin);
#endif

 if ((page->rows * page->cols) > MAX_SECTIONS)
   {
   TIFFError("computeOutputPixelOffsets",
	     "Rows and Columns exceed maximum sections\nIncrease resolution or reduce sections");
   return (-1);
   }

  /* build the list of offsets for each output section */
  for (k = 0, i = 0 && k <= MAX_SECTIONS; i < orows; i++)
    {
    y1 = (uint32)(olength * i);
    y2 = (uint32)(olength * (i +  1) - 1);
    if (y2 >= ilength)
      y2 = ilength - 1;
    for (j = 0; j < ocols; j++, k++)
      {
      x1 = (uint32)(owidth * j); 
      x2 = (uint32)(owidth * (j + 1) - 1);
      if (x2 >= iwidth)
        x2 = iwidth - 1;
      sections[k].x1 = x1;
      sections[k].x2 = x2;
      sections[k].y1 = y1;
      sections[k].y2 = y2;
      sections[k].buffsize = line_bytes * olength;
      sections[k].position = k + 1;
      sections[k].total = orows * ocols;
#ifdef DEBUG
     fprintf (stderr, "Sect %d, width: %4d, length: %4d, x1: %4d  x2: %4d  y1: %4d  y2: %4d\n",
                 k + 1, sections[k].x2 - sections[k].x1 + 1, sections[k].y2 - sections[k].y1 + 1,
		 sections[k].x1, sections[k].x2, sections[k].y1, sections[k].y2);
#endif
      } 
    }
 
  return (0);
  } /* end computeOutputPixelOffsets */

static int
loadImage(TIFF* in, struct image_data *image, unsigned char **read_ptr)
  {
  float    xres, yres;
  uint16   nstrips, ntiles, planar, bps, spp, res_unit, photometric;
  uint32   width, length;
  uint32   stsize, tlsize, buffsize;
  unsigned char *read_buff = NULL;
  unsigned char *new_buff  = NULL;
  int      readunit = 0;
  static   uint32  prev_readsize = 0;

  TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, &bps);
  TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, &spp);
  TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG, &planar);
  TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, &photometric);
  TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH,  &width);
  TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, &length);
  TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION, &xres);
  TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION, &yres);
  TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT, &res_unit);

  image->bps = bps;
  image->spp = spp;
  image->planar = planar;
  image->width = width;
  image->length = length;
  image->xres = xres;
  image->yres = yres;
  image->res_unit = res_unit;
  image->photometric = photometric;

  if ((bps == 0) || (spp == 0))
    {
    TIFFError("loadImage", "Invalid samples per pixel (%d) or bits per sample (%d)",
	       spp, bps);
    return (-1);
    }

  if (TIFFIsTiled(in))
    {
    readunit = TILE;
    tlsize = TIFFTileSize(in);
    ntiles = TIFFNumberOfTiles(in);
    buffsize = tlsize * ntiles;
    }
  else
    {
    readunit = STRIP;
    stsize = TIFFStripSize(in);
    nstrips = TIFFNumberOfStrips(in);
    buffsize = stsize * nstrips;
    }

  read_buff = *read_ptr;
  if (!read_buff)
    read_buff = (unsigned char *)_TIFFmalloc(buffsize);
  else
    {
    if (prev_readsize < buffsize)
      {
      new_buff = _TIFFrealloc(read_buff, buffsize);
      if (!new_buff)
        {
	free (read_buff);
        read_buff = (unsigned char *)_TIFFmalloc(buffsize);
        }
      else
        read_buff = new_buff;
      }
    }

  if (!read_buff)
    {
    TIFFError("loadImageImage", "Unable to allocate/reallocate read buffer");
    return (-1);
    }
  prev_readsize = buffsize;
  *read_ptr = read_buff;

  /* read current image into memory */
  switch (readunit) {
    case STRIP:
         if (planar == PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG)
           {
	   if (!(readContigStripsIntoBuffer(in, read_buff, length, width, spp)))
	     {
	     TIFFError("loadImage", "Unable to read contiguous strips into buffer");
	     return (-1);
             }
           }
         else
           {
           if (!(readSeparateStripsIntoBuffer(in, read_buff, length, width, spp)))
	     {
	     TIFFError("loadImage", "Unable to read separate strips into buffer");
	     return (-1);
             }
           }
         break;

    case TILE:
         if (planar == PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG)
           {
	   if (!(readContigTilesIntoBuffer(in, read_buff, length, width, spp)))
	     {
	     TIFFError("loadImage", "Unable to read contiguous tiles into buffer");
	     return (-1);
             }
           }
         else
           {
	     if (!(readSeparateTilesIntoBuffer(in, read_buff, length, width, spp)))
	     {
	     TIFFError("loadImage", "Unable to read separate tiles into buffer");
	     return (-1);
             }
           }
         break;
    default: TIFFError("loadImage", "Unsupported image file format");
          return (-1);
          break;
    }

return (0);
}

/* Copy the zones out of input buffer into output buffer.
 * N.B. The read functions used copy separate plane data into a buffer as interleaved
 * samples rather than separate planes so the same logic works to extract zones
 * regardless of the way the data are organized in the input file.
 */

static int
extractCropRegions(TIFF *in,  struct crop_mask *crop, unsigned char *read_buff, unsigned char *crop_buff)
  {
  uint32    i, j, shift1, shift2, trailing_bits;
  uint32    row, first_row, last_row, first_col, last_col;
  uint32    src_offset, dst_offset, row_offset, col_offset;
  uint32    offset1, offset2, full_bytes, rowsize;
  uint32    crop_width, crop_length, img_width, img_length;
  uint16    bps, spp;
  unsigned  char  bytebuff1, bytebuff2;
  unsigned  char *src_ptr, *dst_ptr;

  TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, &bps);
  TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, &spp);
  TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH,  &img_width);
  TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, &img_length);

  src_ptr = read_buff;
  dst_ptr = crop_buff;
  src_offset = 0;
  dst_offset = 0;
  rowsize = spp * ((img_width * bps + 7) / 8);

  for (i = 0; i < crop->zones; i++)
    {
    /* rows, columns, width, length are expressed in pixels */
    first_row = crop->zonelist[i].y1;
    last_row  = crop->zonelist[i].y2;
    first_col = crop->zonelist[i].x1;
    last_col  = crop->zonelist[i].x2;

    crop_width = last_col - first_col + 1;
    crop_length = last_row - first_row + 1;

    full_bytes = (crop_width * spp * bps) / 8;   /* number of COMPLETE bytes per row in crop area */
    trailing_bits = (crop_width * bps) % 8;

    if ((bps % 8) == 0)
      {
      col_offset = first_col * spp * bps / 8;
      for (row = first_row; row <= last_row; row++)
        {
	/*  row_offset = row * img_width * spp * bps / 8;*/
	row_offset = row * rowsize;
        src_offset = row_offset + col_offset;
        _TIFFmemcpy (crop_buff + dst_offset, read_buff + src_offset, full_bytes);
        dst_offset += full_bytes;
	}        
      }
    else
      { /* bps != 8 */
      shift1  = spp * ((first_col * bps) % 8);
      shift2  = spp * ((last_col * bps) % 8);
      for (row = first_row; row <= last_row; row++)
        {
        /* pull out the first byte */
	row_offset = row * rowsize;
	offset1 = row_offset + (first_col * bps / 8);
        offset2 = row_offset + (last_col * bps / 8);

        bytebuff1 = bytebuff2 = 0;
        if (shift1 == 0) /* the region is byte and sample alligned */
          {
	  _TIFFmemcpy (crop_buff + dst_offset, read_buff + offset1, full_bytes);
          dst_offset += full_bytes;

          if (trailing_bits != 0)
            {
	      /* bytebuff2 = read_buff[offset2] & ((unsigned char)255 << (8 - shift2 - (bps * spp))); */
	    bytebuff2 = read_buff[offset2] & ((unsigned char)255 << (7 - shift2));
            crop_buff[dst_offset] = bytebuff2;
            dst_offset++;
            }
          }
        else   /* each destination byte will have to be built from two source bytes*/
          {
          for (j = 0; j <= full_bytes; j++) 
            {
	    bytebuff1 = read_buff[offset1 + j] & ((unsigned char)255 >> shift1);
	    bytebuff2 = read_buff[offset1 + j + 1] & ((unsigned char)255 << (7 - shift1));
            crop_buff[dst_offset + j] = (bytebuff1 << shift1) | (bytebuff2 >> (8 - shift1));
            }
          dst_offset += full_bytes;

          if (trailing_bits != 0)
            {
	    if (shift2 > shift1)
              {
	      bytebuff1 = read_buff[row_offset + full_bytes] & ((unsigned char)255 << (7 - shift2));
              bytebuff2 = bytebuff1 & ((unsigned char)255 << shift1);
              crop_buff[dst_offset] = bytebuff2;
              /* crop_buff[dst_offset + j] = bytebuff2; */
	      }
            else
              {
	      if (shift2 < shift1)
                {
		/* bytebuff2 = ((unsigned char)255 << (8 - shift2 - (bps * spp))); 
                crop_buff[dst_offset + j] &= bytebuff2; */
                bytebuff2 = ((unsigned char)255 << (shift1 - shift2 - 1));
                crop_buff[dst_offset] &= bytebuff2;
                }
              }
	    }
          dst_offset++;
	  }
        }
      }
    }
  return (0);
  }


static int
extractImageSection(struct image_data *image, struct pageseg *section, 
                    unsigned char *src_buff, unsigned char *sect_buff)
  {
  unsigned  char  bytebuff1, bytebuff2;
  unsigned  char *src_ptr, *dst_ptr;

  uint32    img_width, img_length, img_rowsize;
  uint32    j, shift1, shift2, trailing_bits;
  uint32    row, first_row, last_row, first_col, last_col;
  uint32    src_offset, dst_offset, row_offset, col_offset;
  uint32    offset1, offset2, full_bytes;
  uint32    sect_width, sect_length;
  uint16    bps, spp;

#ifdef DEBUG2
  int      k;
  unsigned char bitset;
  static char *bitarray = NULL;
#endif

  img_width = image->width;
  img_length = image->length;
  bps = image->bps;
  spp = image->spp;

  src_ptr = src_buff;
  dst_ptr = sect_buff;
  src_offset = 0;
  dst_offset = 0;

#ifdef DEBUG2
  if (bitarray == NULL)
    {
    if ((bitarray = (char *)malloc(img_width)) == NULL)
      {
      fprintf (stderr, "DEBUG: Unable to allocate debugging bitarray\n");
      return (-1);
      }
    }
#endif

  /* rows, columns, width, length are expressed in pixels */
  first_row = section->y1;
  last_row  = section->y2;
  first_col = section->x1;
  last_col  = section->x2;

  sect_width = last_col - first_col + 1;
  sect_length = last_row - first_row + 1;
  img_rowsize = ((img_width * bps + 7) / 8) * spp;
  full_bytes = (sect_width * spp * bps) / 8;   /* number of COMPLETE bytes per row in section */
  trailing_bits = (sect_width * bps) % 8;

#ifdef DEBUG2
  fprintf (stderr, "First row: %d, last row: %d, First col: %d, last col: %d\n",
           first_row, last_row, first_col, last_col);
  fprintf (stderr, "Image width: %d, Image length: %d, bps: %d, spp: %d\n",
	   img_width, img_length, bps, spp);
  fprintf (stderr, "Sect  width: %d,  Sect length: %d, full bytes: %d trailing bits %d\n", 
           sect_width, sect_length, full_bytes, trailing_bits);
#endif

  if ((bps % 8) == 0)
    {
    col_offset = first_col * spp * bps / 8;
    for (row = first_row; row <= last_row; row++)
      {
      /* row_offset = row * img_width * spp * bps / 8; */
      row_offset = row * img_rowsize;
      src_offset = row_offset + col_offset;
#ifdef DEBUG2
      fprintf (stderr, "Src offset: %8d, Dst offset: %8d\n", src_offset, dst_offset); 
#endif
      _TIFFmemcpy (sect_buff + dst_offset, src_buff + src_offset, full_bytes);
      dst_offset += full_bytes;
      }        
    }
  else
    { /* bps != 8 */
    shift1  = spp * ((first_col * bps) % 8);
    shift2  = spp * ((last_col * bps) % 8);
    for (row = first_row; row <= last_row; row++)
      {
      /* pull out the first byte */
      row_offset = row * img_rowsize;
      offset1 = row_offset + (first_col * bps / 8);
      offset2 = row_offset + (last_col * bps / 8);

#ifdef DEBUG2
      for (j = 0, k = 7; j < 8; j++, k--)
        {
        bitset = *(src_buff + offset1) & (((unsigned char)1 << k)) ? 1 : 0;
        sprintf(&bitarray[j], (bitset) ? "1" : "0");
        }
      sprintf(&bitarray[8], " ");
      sprintf(&bitarray[9], " ");
      for (j = 10, k = 7; j < 18; j++, k--)
        {
        bitset = *(src_buff + offset2) & (((unsigned char)1 << k)) ? 1 : 0;
        sprintf(&bitarray[j], (bitset) ? "1" : "0");
        }
      bitarray[18] = '\0';
      fprintf (stderr, "Row: %3d Offset1: %d,  Shift1: %d,    Offset2: %d,  Shift2:  %d\n", 
               row, offset1, shift1, offset2, shift2); 
#endif
      bytebuff1 = bytebuff2 = 0;
      if (shift1 == 0) /* the region is byte and sample alligned */
        {
	_TIFFmemcpy (sect_buff + dst_offset, src_buff + offset1, full_bytes);
#ifdef DEBUG2
	fprintf (stderr, "        Alligned data src offset1: %8d, Dst offset: %8d\n", offset1, dst_offset); 
	sprintf(&bitarray[18], "\n");
	sprintf(&bitarray[19], "\t");
        for (j = 20, k = 7; j < 28; j++, k--)
          {
          bitset = *(sect_buff + dst_offset) & (((unsigned char)1 << k)) ? 1 : 0;
          sprintf(&bitarray[j], (bitset) ? "1" : "0");
          }
        bitarray[28] = ' ';
        bitarray[29] = ' ';
#endif
        dst_offset += full_bytes;

        if (trailing_bits != 0)
          {
	  bytebuff2 = src_buff[offset2] & ((unsigned char)255 << (7 - shift2));
          sect_buff[dst_offset] = bytebuff2;
#ifdef DEBUG2
	  fprintf (stderr, "        Trailing bits src offset:  %8d, Dst offset: %8d\n", 
                              offset2, dst_offset); 
          for (j = 30, k = 7; j < 38; j++, k--)
            {
            bitset = *(sect_buff + dst_offset) & (((unsigned char)1 << k)) ? 1 : 0;
            sprintf(&bitarray[j], (bitset) ? "1" : "0");
            }
          bitarray[38] = '\0';
          fprintf (stderr, "\tFirst and last bytes before and after masking:\n\t%s\n\n", bitarray);
#endif
          dst_offset++;
          }
        }
      else   /* each destination byte will have to be built from two source bytes*/
        {
#ifdef DEBUG2
	  fprintf (stderr, "        Unalligned data src offset: %8d, Dst offset: %8d\n", offset1 , dst_offset); 
#endif
        for (j = 0; j <= full_bytes; j++) 
          {
	  bytebuff1 = src_buff[offset1 + j] & ((unsigned char)255 >> shift1);
	  bytebuff2 = src_buff[offset1 + j + 1] & ((unsigned char)255 << (7 - shift1));
          sect_buff[dst_offset + j] = (bytebuff1 << shift1) | (bytebuff2 >> (8 - shift1));
          }
#ifdef DEBUG2
	sprintf(&bitarray[18], "\n");
	sprintf(&bitarray[19], "\t");
        for (j = 20, k = 7; j < 28; j++, k--)
          {
          bitset = *(sect_buff + dst_offset) & (((unsigned char)1 << k)) ? 1 : 0;
          sprintf(&bitarray[j], (bitset) ? "1" : "0");
          }
        bitarray[28] = ' ';
        bitarray[29] = ' ';
#endif
        dst_offset += full_bytes;

        if (trailing_bits != 0)
          {
#ifdef DEBUG2
	    fprintf (stderr, "        Trailing bits   src offset: %8d, Dst offset: %8d\n", offset1 + full_bytes, dst_offset); 
#endif
	  if (shift2 > shift1)
            {
	    bytebuff1 = src_buff[offset1 + full_bytes] & ((unsigned char)255 << (7 - shift2));
            bytebuff2 = bytebuff1 & ((unsigned char)255 << shift1);
            sect_buff[dst_offset] = bytebuff2;
#ifdef DEBUG2
	    fprintf (stderr, "        Shift2 > Shift1\n"); 
#endif
            }
          else
            {
	    if (shift2 < shift1)
              {
              bytebuff2 = ((unsigned char)255 << (shift1 - shift2 - 1));
	      sect_buff[dst_offset] &= bytebuff2;
#ifdef DEBUG2
	      fprintf (stderr, "        Shift2 < Shift1\n"); 
#endif
              }
#ifdef DEBUG2
            else
	      fprintf (stderr, "        Shift2 == Shift1\n"); 
#endif
            }
	  }
#ifdef DEBUG2
	  sprintf(&bitarray[28], " ");
	  sprintf(&bitarray[29], " ");
          for (j = 30, k = 7; j < 38; j++, k--)
            {
            bitset = *(sect_buff + dst_offset) & (((unsigned char)1 << k)) ? 1 : 0;
            sprintf(&bitarray[j], (bitset) ? "1" : "0");
            }
          bitarray[38] = '\0';
          fprintf (stderr, "\tFirst and last bytes before and after masking:\n\t%s\n\n", bitarray);
#endif
        dst_offset++;
        }
      }
    }

  return (0);
  }


static int
writeImageSections(TIFF *in, TIFF *out, struct image_data *image,
		   struct pagedef *page, struct pageseg *sections,
		   unsigned char *src_buff, unsigned char **sect_buff_ptr)
  {
  double  hres, vres;
  uint32  i, k, width, length, sectsize;
  unsigned char *sect_buff = *sect_buff_ptr;

  hres = page->hres;
  vres = page->vres;

#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf(stderr,
    "Writing %d sections for each original page. Hres: %3.2f Vres: %3.2f\n", 
          page->rows * page->cols, hres, vres);
#endif
  k = page->cols * page->rows;
  if ((k < 1) || (k > MAX_SECTIONS))
   {
   TIFFError("computeOutputPixelOffsets",
	     "%d Rows and Columns exceed maximum sections\nIncrease resolution or reduce sections", k);
   return (-1);
   }

  for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
    width  = sections[i].x2 - sections[i].x1 + 1;
    length = sections[i].y2 - sections[i].y1 + 1;
    sectsize = (uint32)
	    ceil((width * image->bps + 7) / (double)8) * image->spp * length;
    /* allocate a buffer if we don't have one already */
    if (createImageSection(sectsize, sect_buff_ptr))
      {
      TIFFError("writeImageSections", "Unable to allocate section buffer");
      exit (-1);
      }
    sect_buff = *sect_buff_ptr;

#ifdef DEBUG
    fprintf (stderr, "\nSection: %d, Width: %4d, Length: %4d, x1: %4d  x2: %4d  y1: %4d  y2: %4d\n",
             i + 1, width, length, sections[i].x1, sections[i].x2, sections[i].y1, sections[i].y2);
#endif

    if (extractImageSection (image, &sections[i], src_buff, sect_buff))
      {
      TIFFError("writeImageSections", "Unable to extract image sections");
      exit (-1);
      }

  /* call the write routine here instead of outside the loop */
    if (writeSingleSection(in, out, width, length, hres, vres, sect_buff))
      {
      TIFFError("writeImageSections", "Unable to write image section");
      exit (-1);
      }
    }

  return (0);
  }


static int  
writeSingleSection(TIFF *in, TIFF *out, uint32 width, uint32 length,
		   double hres, double vres, unsigned char *sect_buff)
  {
  uint16 bps, spp;
  struct cpTag* p;

#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf (stderr,
"\nWriting single section: Width %d Length: %d Hres: %4.1f, Vres: %4.1f\n\n",
	   width, length, hres, vres);
#endif
  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH, width);
  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, length);

  CopyField(TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, bps);
  CopyField(TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, spp);
  if (compression != (uint16)-1)
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, compression);
  else
    CopyField(TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, compression);

  if (compression == COMPRESSION_JPEG) {
    uint16 input_compression, input_photometric;

    if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, &input_compression)
        && input_compression == COMPRESSION_JPEG) {
          TIFFSetField(in, TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE, JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB);
        }
    if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, &input_photometric)) {
	if(input_photometric == PHOTOMETRIC_RGB) {
	   if (jpegcolormode == JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB)
	     TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, PHOTOMETRIC_YCBCR);
	   else
	     TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, PHOTOMETRIC_RGB);
	   } else
	      TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, input_photometric);
	}
      }
  else if (compression == COMPRESSION_SGILOG || compression == COMPRESSION_SGILOG24)
       TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, spp == 1 ?
			PHOTOMETRIC_LOGL : PHOTOMETRIC_LOGLUV);
       else
	  CopyTag(TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, 1, TIFF_SHORT);
       if (fillorder != 0)
	  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_FILLORDER, fillorder);
       else
	  CopyTag(TIFFTAG_FILLORDER, 1, TIFF_SHORT);
       /*
        * Will copy `Orientation' tag from input image
        */
  TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_ORIENTATION, &orientation);
  switch (orientation) {
    case ORIENTATION_BOTRIGHT:
    case ORIENTATION_RIGHTBOT:	/* XXX */
         TIFFWarning(TIFFFileName(in), "using bottom-left orientation");
         orientation = ORIENTATION_BOTLEFT;
         /* fall thru... */
    case ORIENTATION_LEFTBOT:	/* XXX */
    case ORIENTATION_BOTLEFT:
         break;
    case ORIENTATION_TOPRIGHT:
    case ORIENTATION_RIGHTTOP:	/* XXX */
    default:
         TIFFWarning(TIFFFileName(in), "using top-left orientation");
         orientation = ORIENTATION_TOPLEFT;
         /* fall thru... */
    case ORIENTATION_LEFTTOP:	/* XXX */
    case ORIENTATION_TOPLEFT:
         break;
   }
  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_ORIENTATION, orientation);
	
  /*
   * Choose tiles/strip for the output image according to
   * the command line arguments (-tiles, -strips) and the
   * structure of the input image.
   */
  if (outtiled == -1)
    outtiled = TIFFIsTiled(in);
  if (outtiled) {
    /*
     * Setup output file's tile width&height.  If either
     * is not specified, use either the value from the
     * input image or, if nothing is defined, use the
     * library default.
     */
    if (tilewidth == (uint32) -1)
      TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH, &tilewidth);
    if (tilelength == (uint32) -1)
      TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH, &tilelength);

    if (tilewidth > width)
      tilewidth = width;
    if (tilelength > length)
      tilelength = length;

    TIFFDefaultTileSize(out, &tilewidth, &tilelength);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH, tilewidth);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH, tilelength);
    } else {
       /*
	* RowsPerStrip is left unspecified: use either the
	* value from the input image or, if nothing is defined,
	* use the library default.
	*/
	if (rowsperstrip == (uint32) 0) {
	  if (!TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, &rowsperstrip)) {
	      rowsperstrip = TIFFDefaultStripSize(out, rowsperstrip);
	     }
	  if (rowsperstrip > length && rowsperstrip != (uint32)-1)
	       rowsperstrip = length;
	  }
	else if (rowsperstrip == (uint32) -1)
		rowsperstrip = length;
		TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, rowsperstrip);
	}
  if (config != (uint16) -1)
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG, config);
  else
    CopyField(TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG, config);
  if (spp <= 4)
    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_TRANSFERFUNCTION, 4, TIFF_SHORT);
  CopyTag(TIFFTAG_COLORMAP, 4, TIFF_SHORT);

/* SMinSampleValue & SMaxSampleValue */
  switch (compression) {
    case COMPRESSION_JPEG:
         TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY, quality);
	 TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE, jpegcolormode);
	 break;
   case COMPRESSION_LZW:
   case COMPRESSION_ADOBE_DEFLATE:
   case COMPRESSION_DEFLATE:
	if (predictor != (uint16)-1)
          TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PREDICTOR, predictor);
	else
	  CopyField(TIFFTAG_PREDICTOR, predictor);
	break;
   case COMPRESSION_CCITTFAX3:
   case COMPRESSION_CCITTFAX4:
	if (compression == COMPRESSION_CCITTFAX3) {
          if (g3opts != (uint32) -1)
	    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_GROUP3OPTIONS, g3opts);
	  else
	    CopyField(TIFFTAG_GROUP3OPTIONS, g3opts);
	} else
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_GROUP4OPTIONS, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_BADFAXLINES, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_CLEANFAXDATA, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_CONSECUTIVEBADFAXLINES, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_FAXRECVPARAMS, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_FAXRECVTIME, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_FAXSUBADDRESS, 1, TIFF_ASCII);
	break;
   }
   { uint32 len32;
     void** data;
     if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_ICCPROFILE, &len32, &data))
       TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_ICCPROFILE, len32, data);
   }
   { uint16 ninks;
     const char* inknames;
     if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_NUMBEROFINKS, &ninks)) {
       TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_NUMBEROFINKS, ninks);
       if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_INKNAMES, &inknames)) {
	 int inknameslen = strlen(inknames) + 1;
	 const char* cp = inknames;
	 while (ninks > 1) {
	   cp = strchr(cp, '\0');
	   if (cp) {
	     cp++;
	     inknameslen += (strlen(cp) + 1);
	   }
	   ninks--;
         }
	 TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_INKNAMES, inknameslen, inknames);
           }
    }
  }
    {
   unsigned short pg0, pg1;
   if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_PAGENUMBER, &pg0, &pg1)) {
     if (pageNum < 0) /* only one input file */
	TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PAGENUMBER, pg0, pg1);
  else
	TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PAGENUMBER, pageNum++, 0);
    }
    }

  for (p = tags; p < &tags[NTAGS]; p++)
		CopyTag(p->tag, p->count, p->type);

  /* Update these since they are overwritten from input res by loop above */
  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION, (float)hres);
  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION, (float)vres);

  /* Compute the tile or strip dimensions and write to disk */
  if (outtiled)
           {
    if (config == PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG)
	     {
      writeBufferToContigTiles (out, sect_buff, length, width, spp);
           }
         else
      writeBufferToSeparateTiles (out, sect_buff, length, width, spp);
           }
  else
           {
    if (config == PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG)
	     {
      writeBufferToContigStrips (out, sect_buff, length, width, spp);
           }
         else
           {
      writeBufferToSeparateStrips(out, sect_buff, length, width, spp);
             }
           }

  if (!TIFFWriteDirectory(out))
    {
    TIFFClose(out);
          return (-1);
    }

  return (0);
  } /* end writeSingleSection */


/* Create a buffer to write one section at a time */
static int
createImageSection(uint32 sectsize, unsigned char **sect_buff_ptr)
    {
  unsigned  char *sect_buff = NULL;
  unsigned  char *new_buff  = NULL;
  static    uint32  prev_sectsize = 0;

  sect_buff = *sect_buff_ptr;

  if (!sect_buff)
	  {
    sect_buff = (unsigned char *)_TIFFmalloc(sectsize);
    *sect_buff_ptr = sect_buff;
    _TIFFmemset(sect_buff, 0, sectsize);
      }
    else
        {
    if (prev_sectsize < sectsize)
          {
      new_buff = _TIFFrealloc(sect_buff, sectsize);
      if (!new_buff)
            {
	free (sect_buff);
        sect_buff = (unsigned char *)_TIFFmalloc(sectsize);
            }
      else
        sect_buff = new_buff;

      _TIFFmemset(sect_buff, 0, sectsize);
          }
            }

  if (!sect_buff)
                {
    TIFFError("createImageSection", "Unable to allocate/reallocate section buffer");
    return (-1);
    }
  prev_sectsize = sectsize;
  *sect_buff_ptr = sect_buff;

  return (0);
  }


/* Copy the crop section of the data from the current image into a buffer
 * and adjust the IFD values to reflect the new size. If no cropping is
 * required, use the origial read buffer as the crop buffer.
 */
static int
createCroppedImage(TIFF* in, struct image_data *image, struct crop_mask *crop, 
                   unsigned char **read_buff_ptr, unsigned char **crop_buff_ptr)
  {
  tsize_t   cropsize;
  unsigned  char *read_buff = NULL;
  unsigned  char *crop_buff = NULL;
  unsigned  char *new_buff  = NULL;
  static    tsize_t  prev_cropsize = 0;
  
  read_buff = *read_buff_ptr;
  if (crop->zones == 0)
    { /* process full image, no crop buffer needed */
    crop_buff = read_buff;
    *crop_buff_ptr = read_buff;
    crop->combined_width = image->width;
    crop->combined_length = image->length;
    }   
  else
    { /* one of more crop zones */
    cropsize = crop->bufftotal;
    crop_buff = *crop_buff_ptr;
    if (!crop_buff)
      {
      crop_buff = (unsigned char *)_TIFFmalloc(cropsize);
      *crop_buff_ptr = crop_buff;
      _TIFFmemset(crop_buff, 0, cropsize);
      }
    else
      {
      if (prev_cropsize < cropsize)
        {
        new_buff = _TIFFrealloc(crop_buff, cropsize);
        if (!new_buff)
          {
	  free (crop_buff);
          crop_buff = (unsigned char *)_TIFFmalloc(cropsize);
          }
        else
          crop_buff = new_buff;

        /* _TIFFmemset(crop_buff, 0, cropsize); */
        }
      }

    if (!crop_buff)
      {
      TIFFError("createCroppedImage", "Unable to allocate/reallocate crop buffer");
      return (-1);
      }
    *crop_buff_ptr = crop_buff;

    if (extractCropRegions(in, crop, read_buff, crop_buff))
      {
      TIFFError("createCroppedImage", "Unable to extract cropped regions from image");
      return (-1);
      }
    } /* end if crop->zones != 0) */

  if (crop->crop_mode & CROP_INVERT)
    {
      if (invertImage(image->photometric, image->spp, image->bps, 
                      crop->combined_width, crop->combined_length, crop_buff))
      {
      TIFFError("createCroppedImage", 
                 "Failed to invert colorspace for image or cropped selection");
      return (-1);
      }
    }

  if (crop->crop_mode & CROP_MIRROR)
    {
    if (mirrorImage(image->spp, image->bps, crop->mirror, 
                    crop->combined_width, crop->combined_length, crop_buff))
      {
      TIFFError("createCroppedImage", "Failed to mirror image or cropped selection %s", 
	       (crop->rotation == MIRROR_HORIZ) ? "horizontally" : "vertically");
      return (-1);
      }
    }

  if (crop->crop_mode & CROP_ROTATE) /* rotate should be last as it can reallocate the buffer */
    {
    if (rotateImage(crop->rotation, image, &crop->combined_width, 
                    &crop->combined_length, crop_buff_ptr))
      {
      TIFFError("createCroppedImage", 
                "Failed to rotate image or cropped selection by %d degrees", crop->rotation);
      return (-1);
      }
    }

  if (crop_buff == read_buff) /* we used the read buffer for the crop buffer */
    *read_buff_ptr = NULL;    /* so we don't try to free it later */

  return (0);
  } /* end createCroppedImage */

static int  
writeCroppedImage(TIFF *in, TIFF *out, struct crop_mask *crop, unsigned char *crop_buff)
  {
  uint16 bps, spp;
  uint32 width, length;
  struct cpTag* p;

  width = crop->combined_width;
  length = crop->combined_length;
  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH, width);
  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, length);

  CopyField(TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, bps);
  CopyField(TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, spp);
  if (compression != (uint16)-1)
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, compression);
  else
    CopyField(TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, compression);

  if (compression == COMPRESSION_JPEG) {
    uint16 input_compression, input_photometric;

    if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, &input_compression)
        && input_compression == COMPRESSION_JPEG) {
          TIFFSetField(in, TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE, JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB);
        }
    if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, &input_photometric)) {
	if(input_photometric == PHOTOMETRIC_RGB) {
	   if (jpegcolormode == JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB)
	     TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, PHOTOMETRIC_YCBCR);
	   else
	     TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, PHOTOMETRIC_RGB);
	   } else
	      TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, input_photometric);
	}
      }
  else if (compression == COMPRESSION_SGILOG || compression == COMPRESSION_SGILOG24)
       TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, spp == 1 ?
			PHOTOMETRIC_LOGL : PHOTOMETRIC_LOGLUV);
       else
	  CopyTag(TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, 1, TIFF_SHORT);
       if (fillorder != 0)
	  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_FILLORDER, fillorder);
       else
	  CopyTag(TIFFTAG_FILLORDER, 1, TIFF_SHORT);
       /*
        * Will copy `Orientation' tag from input image
        */
  TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_ORIENTATION, &orientation);
  switch (orientation) {
    case ORIENTATION_BOTRIGHT:
    case ORIENTATION_RIGHTBOT:	/* XXX */
         TIFFWarning(TIFFFileName(in), "using bottom-left orientation");
         orientation = ORIENTATION_BOTLEFT;
         /* fall thru... */
    case ORIENTATION_LEFTBOT:	/* XXX */
    case ORIENTATION_BOTLEFT:
         break;
    case ORIENTATION_TOPRIGHT:
    case ORIENTATION_RIGHTTOP:	/* XXX */
    default:
         TIFFWarning(TIFFFileName(in), "using top-left orientation");
         orientation = ORIENTATION_TOPLEFT;
         /* fall thru... */
    case ORIENTATION_LEFTTOP:	/* XXX */
    case ORIENTATION_TOPLEFT:
         break;
   }
  TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_ORIENTATION, orientation);
	
  /*
   * Choose tiles/strip for the output image according to
   * the command line arguments (-tiles, -strips) and the
   * structure of the input image.
   */
  if (outtiled == -1)
    outtiled = TIFFIsTiled(in);
  if (outtiled) {
    /*
     * Setup output file's tile width&height.  If either
     * is not specified, use either the value from the
     * input image or, if nothing is defined, use the
     * library default.
     */
    if (tilewidth == (uint32) -1)
      TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH, &tilewidth);
    if (tilelength == (uint32) -1)
      TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH, &tilelength);

    if (tilewidth > width)
      tilewidth = width;
    if (tilelength > length)
      tilelength = length;

    TIFFDefaultTileSize(out, &tilewidth, &tilelength);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH, tilewidth);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH, tilelength);
    } else {
       /*
	* RowsPerStrip is left unspecified: use either the
	* value from the input image or, if nothing is defined,
	* use the library default.
	*/
	if (rowsperstrip == (uint32) 0) {
	  if (!TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, &rowsperstrip)) {
	      rowsperstrip = TIFFDefaultStripSize(out, rowsperstrip);
	     }
	  if (rowsperstrip > length)
	       rowsperstrip = length;
	  }
	else if (rowsperstrip == (uint32) -1)
		rowsperstrip = length;
		TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, rowsperstrip);
	}
  if (config != (uint16) -1)
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG, config);
  else
    CopyField(TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG, config);
  if (spp <= 4)
    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_TRANSFERFUNCTION, 4, TIFF_SHORT);
  CopyTag(TIFFTAG_COLORMAP, 4, TIFF_SHORT);

/* SMinSampleValue & SMaxSampleValue */
  switch (compression) {
    case COMPRESSION_JPEG:
         TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY, quality);
	 TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE, jpegcolormode);
	 break;
   case COMPRESSION_LZW:
   case COMPRESSION_ADOBE_DEFLATE:
   case COMPRESSION_DEFLATE:
       	if (predictor != (uint16)-1)
          TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PREDICTOR, predictor);
	else
	  CopyField(TIFFTAG_PREDICTOR, predictor);
	break;
   case COMPRESSION_CCITTFAX3:
   case COMPRESSION_CCITTFAX4:
       	if (compression == COMPRESSION_CCITTFAX3) {
          if (g3opts != (uint32) -1)
	    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_GROUP3OPTIONS, g3opts);
	  else
	    CopyField(TIFFTAG_GROUP3OPTIONS, g3opts);
	} else
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_GROUP4OPTIONS, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_BADFAXLINES, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_CLEANFAXDATA, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_CONSECUTIVEBADFAXLINES, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_FAXRECVPARAMS, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_FAXRECVTIME, 1, TIFF_LONG);
	    CopyTag(TIFFTAG_FAXSUBADDRESS, 1, TIFF_ASCII);
	break;
   }
   { uint32 len32;
     void** data;
     if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_ICCPROFILE, &len32, &data))
       TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_ICCPROFILE, len32, data);
   }
   { uint16 ninks;
     const char* inknames;
     if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_NUMBEROFINKS, &ninks)) {
       TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_NUMBEROFINKS, ninks);
       if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_INKNAMES, &inknames)) {
	 int inknameslen = strlen(inknames) + 1;
	 const char* cp = inknames;
	 while (ninks > 1) {
	   cp = strchr(cp, '\0');
	   if (cp) {
	     cp++;
	     inknameslen += (strlen(cp) + 1);
	   }
	   ninks--;
         }
	 TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_INKNAMES, inknameslen, inknames);
       }
     }
   }
   {
   unsigned short pg0, pg1;
   if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_PAGENUMBER, &pg0, &pg1)) {
     if (pageNum < 0) /* only one input file */
	TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PAGENUMBER, pg0, pg1);
     else 
	TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PAGENUMBER, pageNum++, 0);
     }
   }

  for (p = tags; p < &tags[NTAGS]; p++)
		CopyTag(p->tag, p->count, p->type);

  /* Compute the tile or strip dimensions and write to disk */
  if (outtiled)
    {
    if (config == PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG)
      {
      writeBufferToContigTiles (out, crop_buff, length, width, spp);
      }
    else
      writeBufferToSeparateTiles (out, crop_buff, length, width, spp);
    }
  else
    {
    if (config == PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG)
      {
      writeBufferToContigStrips (out, crop_buff, length, width, spp);
      }
    else
      {
      writeBufferToSeparateStrips(out, crop_buff, length, width, spp);
      }
    }

  if (!TIFFWriteDirectory(out))
    {
    TIFFClose(out);
    return (-1);
    }

  return (0);
  }

/* Rotate an image by a multiple of 90 degrees clockwise 
rotateImage(uint16 rotation, uint16 spp, uint16 bps, uint32 *img_width, uint32 *img_length, unsigned char **crop_buff_ptr)
*/
static int
rotateImage(uint16 rotation, struct image_data *image, uint32 *img_width, 
            uint32 *img_length, unsigned char **crop_buff_ptr)
  {
  uint32   i, row, col, width, length, full_bytes, trailing_bits;
  uint32   rowsize, colsize, buffsize, row_offset, col_offset, pix_offset;
  unsigned char bitset, bytebuff1, bytebuff2, bytes_per_pixel;
  unsigned char *crop_buff = *crop_buff_ptr;
  unsigned char *src_ptr;
  unsigned char *dst_ptr;
  uint16   spp, bps;
  int      j;
  static unsigned char *rotate_buff = NULL;

  width = *img_width;
  length = *img_length;
  spp = image->spp;
  bps = image->bps;

  rowsize = (width * bps + 7) / 8;
  colsize = (length * bps + 7) / 8;
  bytes_per_pixel = (spp * bps + 7) / 8;
  full_bytes = width * spp * bps / 8;
  trailing_bits = (width * spp * bps) % 8;
  pix_offset = (spp * bps) / 8;
  
  /* rotating image may change the end of line padding and increase buffer size */
  switch (rotation) 
    {
    case  90:
    case 180: 
    case 270: buffsize = spp * (colsize + 1) * (rowsize + 1) * 8;
              break;
    default:  TIFFError("rotateImage", "Invalid rotation angle %d", rotation);
              return (-1);
              break;
    }

  if (!(rotate_buff = (unsigned char *)_TIFFmalloc(buffsize)))
    {
    TIFFError("rotateImage", "Unable to allocate rotation buffer of %1u bytes", buffsize);
    return (-1);
    }

  src_ptr = crop_buff;
  switch (rotation)
    {
    case 180: if ((bps % 8) == 0) /* byte alligned data */
                { 
                for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
                    {
		    row_offset = (length - row - 1) * rowsize * spp;
                    for (col = 0; col < width; col++)
                      { 
		      col_offset = (width - col - 1) * pix_offset;
                      dst_ptr = rotate_buff + row_offset + col_offset;

		      for (i = 0; i  < bytes_per_pixel; i++)
			*dst_ptr++ = *src_ptr++;
                      }
                    }
                }
	      else
                { /* non 8 bit per pixel data */
                for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
                  {
		  src_ptr = crop_buff + row * rowsize * spp;

		  row_offset = (length - row - 1) * rowsize * spp;
		  col_offset = (rowsize * spp) - 1;
                  dst_ptr = rotate_buff + row_offset + col_offset;

                  if ((width % 8) == 0)
		    {
                    for (col = 0; col < rowsize; col++)
                      {
                      for (i = 0, j = 7; i < 8; i++, j--)
                        {
			  bitset = ((*src_ptr) & (((unsigned char)1 << j)) ? 1 : 0);
		      *dst_ptr |= (bitset << i);
                        }
                      src_ptr++;
                      dst_ptr--;
		      }
		    }

                  else
                    {
                    bytebuff2 = 0;
                    for (i = 0, j = 7; i < trailing_bits; i++, j--)
                      {
		      bitset = ((*src_ptr) & (((unsigned char)1 << j)) ? 1 : 0);
                      bytebuff2 |= bitset << (8 - trailing_bits + i);
                      }
                    *(dst_ptr--) = bytebuff2;

                    for (col = 0; col < full_bytes; col++)
                      {
		      bytebuff1 = *(src_ptr) & ((unsigned char)255 >> trailing_bits);
		      bytebuff2 = *(src_ptr + 1) & ((unsigned char)255 << (8 - trailing_bits));
		      *dst_ptr = (bytebuff1 << trailing_bits) | (bytebuff2 >> (8 - trailing_bits));

		      TIFFReverseBits(dst_ptr, 1);
                      src_ptr++;
                      dst_ptr--;
                      }
		    }
                  }
	        }
              _TIFFfree(crop_buff);
              *(crop_buff_ptr) = rotate_buff;
              break;

    case 90:  if ((bps % 8) == 0) /* byte aligned data */
                {
                for (row = 1; row <= length; row++)
                  {
		  dst_ptr = rotate_buff + (spp * colsize) - (row * bytes_per_pixel);
                  for (col = 0; col < width; col++)
                    {
		    for (i = 0; i  < bytes_per_pixel; i++)
                      *(dst_ptr + i) = *src_ptr++;
                    dst_ptr += (spp * colsize);
                    }
                  }
	        }
              else
                {
                for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
                  {
		  dst_ptr = rotate_buff + colsize - (row / 8);
                  for (col = 0; col < width; col+=  8 /(bps * spp))
                    {
                    for (i = 0, j = 7; i < 8; i++, j--)
                      {
                      if (col + i < width)
			{
		        bitset = ((*src_ptr) & (((unsigned char)1 << j)) ? 1 : 0);
		        *(dst_ptr) |= (bitset << ((row + trailing_bits) % 8));
 		        dst_ptr += colsize;
			}
                      }
                    src_ptr++;
                    }
		  }
                }
              _TIFFfree(crop_buff);
              *(crop_buff_ptr) = rotate_buff;

              *img_width = length;
              *img_length = width;
              image->width = length;
              image->length = width;
	      break;

    case 270: if ((bps % 8) == 0) /* byte aligned data */
                {
                for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
                  {
	          dst_ptr = rotate_buff + (spp * rowsize * length) + (row * bytes_per_pixel);
                  for (col = 0; col < width; col++)
                    {
		    for (i = 0; i  < bytes_per_pixel; i++)
                      *(dst_ptr + i) = *src_ptr++;
                    dst_ptr -= (spp * colsize);
                    }
                  }
	        }
              else
                {
                for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
                  {
		  dst_ptr = rotate_buff + (colsize * width) + (row / 8);
                  for (col = 0; col < width; col+=  8 /(bps * spp))
                    {
                    for (i = 0, j = 7; i < 8; i++, j--)
                      {
                      if (col + i < width)
			{
		        bitset = ((*src_ptr) & (((unsigned char)1 << j)) ? 1 : 0);
		        dst_ptr -= colsize;
		        *(dst_ptr) |= (bitset << ( 7 - (row % 8)));
			}
                      }
                    src_ptr++;
                    }
		  }
                }

              _TIFFfree(crop_buff);
              *(crop_buff_ptr) = rotate_buff;

              *img_width = length;
              *img_length = width;
              image->width = length;
              image->length = width;
              break;
    default:
              break;
    }

  return (0);
  }


/* Mirror an image horizontally or vertically */
static int
mirrorImage(uint16 spp, uint16 bps, uint16 mirror, uint32 width, uint32 length, unsigned char *crop_buff)
  {
  uint32   i, j, row, col, full_bytes, trailing_bits;
  uint32   rowsize, colsize, row_offset, col_offset, pix_offset;
  unsigned char  bytebuff1, bytebuff2, bytes_per_pixel, bitset;
  unsigned char *line_buff = NULL;
  unsigned char *src_ptr;
  unsigned char *dst_ptr;
  unsigned char workbuff[12];

  rowsize = (width * bps + 7) / 8;
  colsize = (length * bps + 7) / 8;
  bytes_per_pixel = (spp * bps + 7) / 8;
  full_bytes = width * spp * bps / 8;
  trailing_bits = (width * bps) % 8;
  pix_offset = (spp * bps) / 8;

  src_ptr = crop_buff;
  switch (mirror)
    {
    case MIRROR_HORIZ :
              if ((bps % 8) == 0) /* byte alligned data */
                { 
		/***
                for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
                    {
		    row_offset = row * rowsize * spp;
                    src_ptr = crop_buff + row_offset;
                    dst_ptr = src_ptr + (spp * rowsize);
                    for (col = 0; col < (width / 2); col++)
                      { 
		      for (i = 0; i  < spp; i++)
                        {
			bytebuff1 = *src_ptr;
			*src_ptr++ = *(dst_ptr - spp + i);
                        *(dst_ptr - spp + i) = bytebuff1;
			}
		      dst_ptr -= spp;
                      }
                    }
		  **/
		switch (bps / 8)
                  {
		  case 2:
                    for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
                      {
		      row_offset = row * rowsize * spp;
                      src_ptr = crop_buff + row_offset;
                      dst_ptr = crop_buff + row_offset + (spp * rowsize);
                      for (col = 0; col < (width / 2); col++)
                        {
			col_offset = col * bytes_per_pixel;                     
			_TIFFmemcpy (workbuff, src_ptr + col_offset, bytes_per_pixel);
			_TIFFmemcpy (src_ptr + col_offset, dst_ptr - col_offset - bytes_per_pixel, bytes_per_pixel);
			_TIFFmemcpy (dst_ptr - col_offset - bytes_per_pixel, workbuff, bytes_per_pixel);
                        }
                      }
		    break;

		  case 1:
                    for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
                      {
		      row_offset = row * rowsize * spp;
                      src_ptr = crop_buff + row_offset;
                      dst_ptr = src_ptr + (spp * rowsize);
                      for (col = 0; col < (width / 2); col++)
                        { 
			for (i = 0; i  < spp; i++)
                          {
			  bytebuff1 = *src_ptr;
			  *src_ptr++ = *(dst_ptr - spp + i);
                          *(dst_ptr - spp + i) = bytebuff1;
			  }
			dst_ptr -= spp;
                        }
                      }
		    break;
		  default:  
                     TIFFError("mirrorImage", "Unsupported bits per pixel");
                     return (-1);
		  }
                }
	      else
                { /* non 8 bit per sample  data */
                if (!(line_buff = (unsigned char *)_TIFFmalloc(spp * rowsize + 1)))
                  {
                  TIFFError("mirrorImage", "Unable to allocate mirror line buffer");
                  return (-1);
                  }
                for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
                  {
		  row_offset = row * rowsize * spp;
		  src_ptr = crop_buff + row_offset;
                  dst_ptr = line_buff + (spp * rowsize) - 1;
                  memset (line_buff, '\0', rowsize);

                  if ((width % 8) == 0)
		    {
                    for (col = 0; col < rowsize; col++)
                      {
                      for (i = 0, j = 7; i < 8; i++, j--)
                        {
			bitset = (*(src_ptr + col) & (((unsigned char)1 << j)) ? 1 : 0);
                        line_buff[rowsize - col] |= (bitset << i);
                        }
		      }
		   _TIFFmemcpy (src_ptr, line_buff, spp * rowsize);
		    }
                  else
                    {
                    bytebuff2 = 0;
                    for (i = 0, j = 7; i < trailing_bits; i++, j--)
                      {
		      bitset = ((*src_ptr) & (((unsigned char)1 << j)) ? 1 : 0);
                      bytebuff2 |= bitset << (8 - trailing_bits + i);
                      }
                    *(dst_ptr--) = bytebuff2;

                    for (col = 0; col < full_bytes; col++)
                      {
		      bytebuff1 = *(src_ptr) & ((unsigned char)255 >> trailing_bits);
		      bytebuff2 = *(src_ptr + 1) & ((unsigned char)255 << (8 - trailing_bits));
		      *dst_ptr = (bytebuff1 << trailing_bits) | (bytebuff2 >> (8 - trailing_bits));

		      TIFFReverseBits(dst_ptr, 1);
                      src_ptr++;
                      dst_ptr--;
                      }
		    _TIFFmemcpy (crop_buff + row_offset, line_buff, spp * rowsize);
                    }
	          }
                if (line_buff)
                  _TIFFfree(line_buff);
		}
             break;

    case MIRROR_VERT: 
             if (!(line_buff = (unsigned char *)_TIFFmalloc(spp * rowsize)))
               {
	       TIFFError ("mirrorImage", "Unable to allocate mirror line buffer of %1u bytes", rowsize);
               return (-1);
               }
  
             dst_ptr = crop_buff + (spp * rowsize * (length - 1));
             for (row = 0; row < length / 2; row++)
               {
	      _TIFFmemcpy(line_buff, src_ptr, spp * rowsize);
	      _TIFFmemcpy(src_ptr, dst_ptr, spp * rowsize);
	      _TIFFmemcpy(dst_ptr, line_buff, spp * rowsize);
               src_ptr += (spp * rowsize);
               dst_ptr -= (spp * rowsize);                                 
               }

             if (line_buff)
               _TIFFfree(line_buff);
             break;

    default: TIFFError ("mirrorImage", "Invalid mirror axis %d", mirror);
             return (-1);
             break;
    }

  return (0);
  }

/* Invert the light and dark values for a bilevel or grayscale image */
static int
invertImage(uint16 photometric, uint16 spp, uint16 bps, uint32 width, uint32 length, unsigned char *crop_buff)
  {
  uint32   row, col;
  unsigned char  bytebuff1, bytebuff2, bytebuff3, bytebuff4;
  unsigned char *src_ptr;

  if (spp != 1)
    {
    TIFFError("invertImage", "Image inversion not supported for more than one sample per pixel");
    return (-1);
    }

  if (photometric !=  PHOTOMETRIC_MINISWHITE && photometric !=  PHOTOMETRIC_MINISBLACK)
    {
    TIFFError("invertImage", "Only black and white and grayscale images can be inverted");
    return (-1);
    }

  src_ptr = crop_buff;
  if (src_ptr == NULL)
    {
    TIFFError ("invertImage", "Invalid crop buffer passed to invertImage");
    return (-1);
    }

  switch (bps)
    {
    case 8: for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
              for (col = 0; col < width; col++)
                {
	        *src_ptr = (unsigned char)255 - *src_ptr;
                 src_ptr++;
                }
            break;
    case 4: for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
              for (col = 0; col < width; col++)
                {
		bytebuff1 = 16 - (unsigned char)(*src_ptr & 240 >> 4);
		bytebuff2 = 16 - (*src_ptr & 15);
	        *src_ptr = bytebuff1 << 4 & bytebuff2;
                src_ptr++;
                }
            break;
    case 2: for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
              for (col = 0; col < width; col++)
                {
		bytebuff1 = 4 - (unsigned char)(*src_ptr & 192 >> 6);
		bytebuff2 = 4 - (unsigned char)(*src_ptr & 48  >> 4);
		bytebuff3 = 4 - (unsigned char)(*src_ptr & 12  >> 2);
		bytebuff4 = 4 - (unsigned char)(*src_ptr & 3);
	        *src_ptr = (bytebuff1 << 6) || (bytebuff2 << 4) || (bytebuff3 << 2) || bytebuff4;
                src_ptr++;
                }
            break;
    case 1: for (row = 0; row < length; row++)
              for (col = 0; col < width; col += 8 /(spp * bps))
                {
                *src_ptr = ~(*src_ptr);
                src_ptr++;
                }
            break;
    default: TIFFError("invertImage", "Unsupported bit depth %d", bps);
      return (-1);
    }

  return (0);
  }

/* vim: set ts=8 sts=8 sw=8 noet: */